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Dog Training > Unit 2 Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

agonistic pucker

A

The position of a dog’s mouth when the dog is in an offensive threat. The lips are pressed forward and the muzzle is wrinkled.

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2
Q

altruism

A

The ability of humans to care for and about the welfare of others.

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3
Q

anogenital

A

A term that refers to the region of the anus and the external reproductive organs.

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4
Q

antithesis

A

A theory presented by Charles Darwin, which states that a submissive animal expresses facial and postural changes that are the opposite of those displayed by the aggressive animal.

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5
Q

auditory signal

A

A message related to the sense of hearing.

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6
Q

calming signal

A

A message sent to reduce or stop aggressive conflicts; also, cutoff signal.

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7
Q

coevolution

A

The development of certain behaviors in a species caused by the influence of another species.

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8
Q

communicator

A

The sender of a message.

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9
Q

convergence

A

The evolution of two different species in a similar way because of similar pressures in the environment.

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10
Q

cutoff signal

A

A message sent to reduce or stop aggressive conflicts; also, calming signal.

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11
Q

despotic hierarchy

A

An arrangement in which a single individual dominates over all other individuals in a group.

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12
Q

display

A

A group of signals sent at the same time—for example, threat display.

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13
Q

dominance

A

Related to establishing social limits—that is, what others must not do.

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14
Q

ethologist

A

A scientist who studies whole patterns of animal behavior in natural environments.

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15
Q

euthanasia

A

The deliberate ending of the life of an animal because of extremely bad behavior or because it’s suffering from an incurable disease.

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16
Q

gaze alternation

A

A process in which a dog looks back and forth between its owner and some object the dog can’t get; an attempt to show where something is. Humans can use gaze alternation to tell a dog where they want it to go.

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17
Q

hackles

A

The hairs on the neck and back of an animal.

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18
Q

hackles up (hackles raised)

A

The raising of the hairs on the neck and back of an animal; also, piloerection.

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19
Q

hierarchy

A

The ranking of members in a group.

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20
Q

incisors

A

The front six teeth on each jaw. The incisors are used for cutting.

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21
Q

innate

A

Inborn.

22
Q

intention movement

A

A signal that reveals the purpose (intent) of the sender.

23
Q

interspecific communication

A

Communication between animals of different species.

24
Q

intraspecific communication

A

Communication between animals of the same species.

25
Q

leader-follower bond

A

A relationship in which one individual establishes dominance over another individual who becomes an obedient follower.

26
Q

linear hierarchy

A

An arrangement similar to a despotic hierarchy, except the subordinate individuals form additional dominant-subordinate relations among themselves; also, pecking order.

27
Q

message

A

The information sent in communication; a signal.

28
Q

modal-action pattern

A

The response of an animal to a releaser in its environment.

29
Q

neoteny

A

The retaining of juvenile characteristics into adulthood.

30
Q

nurturer-dependent bond

A

The relationship between human and dog in which the human is the nurturer (provider of food, shelter, protection, and so on) and the dog is the dependent.

31
Q

olfactory signal

A

A message related to the sense of smell.

32
Q

overhunting

A

The excessive killing of prey so that the population of the prey animal is negatively affected.

33
Q

pecking order

A

An arrangement similar to a despotic hierarchy, except the subordinate individuals form additional dominant-subordinate relations among themselves; also, pecking order.

34
Q

piloerection

A

The raising of hackles, or hairs on the neck and back of a dog; also, hackles up and hackles raised.

35
Q

predation

A

The act of preying on other animals for food.

36
Q

predator

A

An animal that lives by killing and consuming other animals.

37
Q

prey

A

An animal taken by another animal (a predator) as food. As a verb, prey means to take another animal as food.

38
Q

recipient

A

The receiver of a message.

39
Q

releaser

A

A stimulus in the environment that causes an animal to respond in a modal-action pattern.

40
Q

ritual

A

A pattern; a display for the purpose of communication.

41
Q

signal

A

Message; what the sender is trying to get across to the receiver.

42
Q

species-typical behavior

A

Behavior that’s highly characteristic of, but not limited to, one species.

43
Q

species-specific signal

A

A signal limited to a certain species.

44
Q

tactile

A

Relating to the sense of touch.

45
Q

tactile signal

A

A message relating to the sense of touch.

46
Q

theory

A

An idea developed to explain some occurrence; something that’s assumed to be true but hasn’t been proven.

47
Q

threat display

A

A combination of growling, baring of teeth, setting ears forward, and piloerection, all of which indicate aggressiveness.

48
Q

T’ing up

A

A posture in which a submissive dog allows a dominant one to approach and face its side forming a T shape.

49
Q

triangular hierarchy

A

An arrangement in which a first individual dominates over a second individual, the second individual dominates over a third individual, and the third individual dominates over the first individual.

50
Q

urine marking

A

A form of olfactory communication used by some animals to establish territory.

51
Q

visual signal

A

A message related to the sense of sight.

Dog Training (4 decks)

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