unit 2 - Reproduction + Inheritance Flashcards
what is the role of the pancreas in blood sugar regulation?
high blood sugar: produces insulin. low blood sugar: produces glucagon
what is the target tissue of insulin and glucagon
the liver
explain how blood glucose levels are regulated if there is high blood sugar
if there are high blood glucose levels, the pancreas produces insulin which prompts the liver to convert glucose into glycogen
explain how blood glucose levels are regulated if there is low blood sugar
if there are low blood glucose levels, the pancreas produces glucagon which prompts the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
describe the features of a sperm cell and explain why they are important
haploid nucleus to create a diploid zygote, tail to swim to egg, many mitochondria to produce ATP to swim to egg
describe the features of an egg cell and explain why they are important
haploid nucleus to create a diploid zygote, large food store to provide energy to the embryo
what is the female gamete in plants
the nucleus of the ovule
what is the male gamete in plants
the nucleus of the pollen
what is a gene
a sequence of DNA bases on chromosomes that codes for the production of a protein
what is a monohybrid cross?
a cross between two organisms which differ in only one characteristic
how could heterozygous also be described?
true breeding/pure bred
qhat is the term used to describe a characteristic which is determined by more than one gene
polygenic
why can expected ratio of offspring differ from the actual ration of offspring?
fertilisation is a random process which involves an element of chance
single gene inheritance leads to ____?
discrete variation
polygenic inheritance leads to ______?
continuous variation
