Unit 1 Areas to Revise - genetic engineering + proteins and enzymes

Question 1

draw the structure of DNA

Answer 1

should contain: backbone; deoxyribose sugar (pentagons); phosphates (in backbone); bases

Question 2

sequence of bases = ?

Answer 2

genetic code: sequence of amino acids

Question 3

role of mRNA

Answer 3

carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 4

give 3 examples of the functions of protiens

Answer 4

hormones - chemical messengers in the blood, antibodies - destroy pathogens and enzymes which speed up chemical reactions

Question 5

function of enzymes

Answer 5

speed up chemical reactions but remain unchanged

Question 6

what is meant by the term denatured

Answer 6

an enzyme’s active site has changed shape and is no longer complementry to its substrate

Question 7

genetic engineering involves the use of _____?

Answer 7

enzymes

Question 8

explain the process of genetic engineering

Answer 8

source chromosome is identified and extracted from nucleus. required gene is extracted. plasmid is extracted from bacterial cell- vector. plasmid cut open. required gene is inserted into plasmid. plasmid inserted into bacterial HOST CELL. host cell multiplies