unit 2 - Mitosis and the Reflex Arc Flashcards
describe the process of mitosis
chromosomes make identical copies of themselves. chromosomes line up at equator of cell. spindle fibres pull chromatids to opposite poles of the cell. new nuclear membrane forms and cytoplasm divides. two identical daughter cells are produced
what is mitosis needed for in cells
growth and repair
each daughter cell must have an identical _________?
copy of the genetic information from the parent cell
why must each daughter cell have an exact copy of the genetic code from the parent cell?
to carry out the same function
what are chromatids
the identical copies produced from each chromosome
what are stem cells?
stem cells are unspecialised cells which have the ability to self-renew by mitosis
what are stem cells involved in?
growth and repair
multicellular organisms contain
many specialised cells working together
complete: many cells = _____ …
many cells = tissue, many tissue = organ, many organs = system, many systems = organism
specialised cells have _____?
features which allow them to carry out a particular function
state the function of the cerebrum
memory, conscious thought, emotions
state the function of the cerebellum
controls balance and coordination
state the function of the medulla
controls heart rate, breathing, and subconscious actions
what do receptors do?
detect stimuli
give two examples of effectors
muscles and endocrine glands
