UNIT 2 - Quest Vocab Prep

Question 1

Chemical symbol

Answer 1

a one- or two-letter designation of an element

Question 2

Chemical properties

Answer 2

Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to react to form new substances. Ex. flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion

Question 3

Physical property

Answer 3

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Ex. color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting point, and boiling point

Question 4

Metals

Answer 4

any of a class of substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light
Properties:
Lustre - Shiny
Malleability - Malleable (can be formed or shaped)
Ductility - Ductile (can be stretched into wire)
Conductibility - Good conductors of heat and electricity
State - Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
Density - Usually denser than nonmetals
Reactivity - Active metals react with acid, and very active metals react with water

Question 5

Nonmetals

Answer 5

those which lack all the metallic attributes
Properties:
Lustre - Dull
Malleability - Likely to be brittle or shatter when struck
Boiling and melting point - Usually lower melting and boiling points than metals
State - Often gases at room temp
Conductibility - Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 6

Periodic table

Answer 6

A chart that organizes elements according to their chemical and physical properties

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
Identifies the element
Pattern: atomic number increases by one across rows

Question 8

Atomic mass

Answer 8

Average mass of all atoms of one element
Measured in atomic mass units (amu)
Pattern: atomic mass tends to increase along with the atomic number

Question 9

Atomic mass unit

Answer 9

amu

Question 10

Ion charge

Answer 10

Electric charge of the ion (atom gains/loses electrons)
Negative charge = gained electrons
Positive charge = lost electrons
If more than one charge is written = an atom can gain/lose a different number of electrons
Pattern:
Elements on the left (metals) tend to have positive ions
Elements on the right (nonmetals) tend to have negative ions
Elements in the same chemical family form ions with the same charge

Question 11

Multiple ion charge

Answer 11

Electric charge of multiple ions

Question 12

Metalloids

Answer 12

Elements that share some properties with metals and nonmetals
Properties:
Lustre - Shiny
State - Solid at room temp
Conductibility - Poor conductors of heat
Ductility/Malleability - Likely to be brittle or shatter when struck

Question 13

Period

Answer 13

Horizontal rows on the periodic table

Question 14

Alkali metal

Answer 14

Group 1 of the elements
- Li, Na, K, Rb, Fr (NOT H)
- Highly reactive; reactivity increases down the groups
- Reacts with water & oxygen
- Low melting point
- Very soft

Question 15

Chemical family

Answer 15

A vertical row called a group
Elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties
Elements of Groups 1, 2, and 13 and 18 are called main group elements or representative elements

Question 16

Bohr model

Answer 16

A diagram that shows how many electrons are in each shell surrounding the nucleus of an atom

Question 17

Electron shell

Answer 17

Regions surrounding the nucleus of an atom
Each shell is a certain distance from the nucleus

Question 18

Valence electrons

Answer 18

electrons in the outermost shell

Question 19

Valence shell

Answer 19

highest occupied energy shell