Cells-Mutation Quiz

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

A thin covering that separates the inside of the cell from its external environment (controls the movement of materials, such as nutrients and wastes, into and out of the cell)

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

A rigid structure found only in plant cells that provides support and protection

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

A jelly-like substance that contains everything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

Specialized parts in the cell that carry out specific functions to ensure a cell’s survival

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Rod-shaped organelles that provide the cell with energy by changing sugar called glucose into usable energy (produce energy during a process called cellular respiration)

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

Organelles only found in plant cells that use light energy from the Sun, carbon dioxide and water to make sugar in a process called photosynthesis

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Tiny, round, membrane-free organelles that make proteins (proteins are needed for cell growth, repair and reproduction)

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

A network of membrane-covered channels that transport materials through the cytoplasm
Rough ER: has many ribosomes attached to it
Smooth ER: has no ribosomes attached to it and is where fats are made

Question 9

Vesicles

Answer 9

Membrane covered sacs that form off the ends of the endoplasmic reticulum and transport new proteins to the Golgi body

Question 10

The golgi apparatus

Answer 10

An organelle that sorts and packages proteins for transport. If proteins are being transported out of the cell, they are packaged into vesicles and carried to the cell membrane

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

A membrane-covered organelle that stores water, nutrients and waste
Plant cells have small vacuoles to store starch ad large vacuoles to store water
Animal cells have small vacuoles

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

The organelle that controls all activities in the cell

Question 13

Nuclear membrane

Answer 13

Surrounds the nucleus and protects the contents of the nucleus

Question 14

Nuclear pores

Answer 14

Openings in the nuclear membrane that control what materials enter and leave the nucleus

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

A membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Question 16

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 16

Prokaryotic organelles are not surrounded by a membrane (one-celled organisms such as bacteria are prokaryotic)

Question 17

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

Eukaryotic organelles are surrounded by a membrane (plant and animal cells are eukaryotic)