Cells-Mutation Quiz Pt.2 Flashcards
DNA
located inside of the nucleus and provides the instructions for making, running, and repairing a cell
The nucleus….
Contains instructions that determine the function, growth, division, death of a cell
DNA structure?
A double stranded molecule called “double helix” that looks like a twisted ladder
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
The sides of the ladder are made of sugar and phosphate.
What are the steps of the ladder made of?
They are made of four nitrogen bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
Where does A, T, C, and G match up to?
Adenine matches with Thymine and Cytosine matches with Guanine.
What is the DNA message?
This is how DNA is arranged. The arrangement of the pairs of nitrogen bases in DNA directs all cell activities.
What is Chromatin?
Chromatin is inside the nucleus where DNA is stored. Within each strand of chromatin is one molecule of DNA. Chromatin coils into a compact structure called a chromosome.
How many chromosomes are there in a being?
Every organism has characteristic number of chromosomes:
Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs
Fruit flies have 8 chromosomes, arranged in 4 pairs
What are Genes?
Genes are small segments of DNA located a specific places on a chromosome. They contain instructions to make a specific protein and can vary in length from hundreds to thousands of bases.
What are proteins?
Proteins determine the function of cells:
Each cell in your body contains the same genetic information, but not all cells have the same function. Cells have different functions because only specific genes are “read” in each type of cell, meaning each type of cell needs to make specific proteins
What are enzymes?
Specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions
What are hormones?
Proteins that act as chemical messengers
Ex: Growth hormones make sure cells have enough nutrients for division
