Unit 2 Psych Test

Question 1

increase the normal activity of a neurotransmitter

Answer 1

agonist

Question 2

reduce the effects of a neurotransmitter

Answer 2

antagonist

Question 3

consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 3

central nervous system

Question 4

compromises all the neurons that are not in the central nervous system

Answer 4

peripheral nervous system

Question 5

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

two branches of the PNS

Question 6

bundle of neurons that allows communication between the brain and the peripheral nervous system

Answer 6

spinal cord

Question 7

to receive information from the body and send to brain and to take information from the brain and send throughout the body

Answer 7

what are the two major responsibilities of the spinal cord

Question 8

receive information about the environment from the sensory systems and send it to the brain

Answer 8

sensory neurons

Question 9

carry information from the central nervous system to various parts of the body, causing muscles to contract and glands to release chemicals

Answer 9

motor neurons

Question 10

(only in brain and spinal cord) act as bridges connecting sensory and motor neurons also involved in reflex

Answer 10

interneurons

Question 11

the ultrafast response to a painful stimulus

Answer 11

reflex

Question 12

when a stimulus causes an involuntary response

Answer 12

reflex arc

Question 13

neurons that are bundled together

Answer 13

nerves

Question 14

system that included sensory nerves and motor nerves; “somatic” means related to the body

Answer 14

somatic nervous system

Question 15

gather information from sensory receptors in the skin and other tissues and send it to the central nervous system

Answer 15

sensory nerves

Question 16

receive information from the central nervous system and relay it to the muscles

Answer 16

motor nerves

Question 17

works behind the scenes regulating involuntary activity and processes tend to be outside of our awareness

Answer 17

autonomic nervous system

Question 18

autonomic controls the automatic

Answer 18

remember

Question 19

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

two divisions of autonomic nervous system

Question 20

initiates the fight or flight; prepares the body to deal with a crisis

Answer 20

sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

“rest and digest”; bring the body back to a non-crisis mode

Answer 21

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

direct energy toward nurturing offspring and forging social bonds

Answer 22

“tend and befriend”

Question 23

works alongside SNS, releasing stress hormones such as cortisol, uses glands, rather than neurons, to send messages

Answer 23

endocrine system

Question 24

chemicals produced by the glands and released into the bloodstream

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

small endocrine gland located in the center of the brain just under the hypothalamus; known as the master gland; influences all other glands and promotes growth through the secretion of its own hormones

Answer 25

pituitary gland

Question 26

regulates the rate of metabolism by secreting thyroxin

Answer 26

thyroid gland

Question 27

involved in a stress response and a maintenance of salt balance

Answer 27

adrenal glands

Question 28

soma (cell body), dendrite (branch-like; receive information, axon (long-thin fiber that transmits electrical signals), myelin sheath (made up of glia cells; two major functions are protecting the axon and speeding up transfer of electrical impulse

Answer 28

what are the six parts of a neuron

Question 29

sac-like structures containing neurotransmitters

Answer 29

synaptic vesicles

Question 30

gap between axon of one neuron and dendrite of one neuron where information is passed

Answer 30

synapse

Question 31

neurons stable negative (-) charge, when the cell is inactive

Answer 31

resting potential

Question 32

brief shift in a neurons electrical charge that then travels across the axon

Answer 32

action potential

Question 33

time between firings (when an axon doesnt fire)

Answer 33

absolute refractory period

Question 34

neuron either fires none of its voltage or all of its voltage

Answer 34

all or none

Question 35

-70mV

Answer 35

what is the avg human neuron voltage

Question 36

everything left in the communication process

Answer 36

postsynaptic potential

Question 37

1. 2 types of neurotransmitters: excitatory (increase likely hood next cell fires) and inhibitory (decrease likelihood it fires.
2. if this neuron is recieving more excitatory then it will fire and if it receives more inhibitory it is less likely it will fire

Answer 37

what tells us if a postsynaptic neuron will fire

Question 38

SRBIR (synthesis and storage, release neurotransmitter to synaptic cleft, bind neurotransmitters at receptor site on postsynaptic membrane, inactivation or removal or neurotransmitters, reuptake of neurotransmitters sponged up by postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 38

abbreviation for 5 steps of neurons

Question 39

acetylcholine (AcH), Norepinephrine (NE), Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (5-HT), Endorphins (bodys natural pain reliever)

Answer 39

5 specific NT’s

Question 40

depression is low levels of serotonin and Ne; schizophrenia is high levels of dopamine

Answer 40

2 chemical imbalance relationships

Question 41

nicotine fools AcH receptor sites

Answer 41

agonist example