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APHuG > Unit 2 - Previous Questions > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Previous Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The term used to describe the area of Earth’s surface characterized by human settlement is called the

A

Ecumene

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2
Q

Physiological density is measured as the number of

A

people per area of arable lands.

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3
Q

Which of the following countries has a pronounced gender imbalance?
a. India
b. Denmark
c. Singapore
d. Japan
e. the United States

A

a. India

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4
Q

In which stage of the demographic transition are the highest natural increase rates found?

A

Stage 2

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5
Q

The term by which a population grows from year to year is called the

A

Natural Increase Rate

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6
Q

Which combination of environmental factors is likely to be densely populated?

A

reliable precipitation, mild climates, and fertile river valleys

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7
Q

Which term best describes land suited for agriculture?

A

Arable Land

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8
Q

The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A

Stage 1

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9
Q

Two countries have approximately the same arithmetic density but their landscapes and sizes are quite different, we can therefore conclude that the two countries have roughly the same

A

number of people per area of land.

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10
Q

The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A

Stage 4

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11
Q

The number of males per 100 females in the population is called

A

Sex Ratio

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12
Q

Stages 1 and 4 of the demographic transition are similar because they both have

A

Low Growth Rates

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13
Q

Europe and North America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of the

A

Industrial Revolution

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14
Q

Which of the following is one of the reasons why the study of population geography is especially important?

A

Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries.

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15
Q

Some of the least populated areas of Earth are located

A

at high elevations

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16
Q

Which best describes a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

A

reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases

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17
Q

The principal difference between Malthus’s theory and actual world food production and population growth during the past half century is that

A

actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted

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18
Q

The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on

A

causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.

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19
Q

Which of the following epidemics has been the most lethal?
a. HIV/AIDS
b. Zika virus
c. Covid-19
d. malaria
e. cholera

A

a. HIV/AIDS

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20
Q

Which branch of medical science is concerned with incidence, distribution and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population over time?

A

epidemiology

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21
Q

Which factor is viewed as responsible for Stage 2 of the epidemiological transition?

A

the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs

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22
Q

Russia’s increasing CDR may be most closely associated with

A

inadequate pollution controls and inaccurate reporting by the government

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23
Q

The two most populous countries in the world are

A

China and India.

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24
Q

In the speculation concerning future population and global resources, which is the most accurate description of how both sides may be correct?
a. by the year 2100 improved technology will be used to both lower birth rates and increase food production
b. the production index is increasing in most countries so more people can always work to produce more food
c. Malthus was wrong in the 18th century and 21st century but NeoMalthusians were correct in the 20th Century
d. in some world regions food supply and population will be sustainable for some time, while in other regions population has already outstripped food production capacity
e. social injustice and uneven distribution of resources is more important than population size

A

d. in some world regions food supply and population will be sustainable for some time, while in other regions population has already outstripped food production capacity

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25
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about the Total Fertility Rate?
a. It only measures births during a woman’s teen fertility years.
b. Demographers have an easy time predicting future TFR.
c. It measures the number of births per woman in a given year.
d. The highest TFRs are found in Europe and North America.
e. It tends to be higher in developing countries.

A

e. It tends to be higher in developing countries.

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26
Q

Demographers contribute to knowledge about population

A

through detailed research related to gender, fertility, health, occupation, and age of people.

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27
Q

The frequency of something within a given unit of area is known as its

A

density.

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28
Q

Efforts to lower CBR through education and health care have shown statistically to result in all but which of the following?
a. With improved education, women would be more aware of reproductive rights and make more informed reproductive decisions.
b. Improvement in health care would result in reduced infant mortality rates due to poor prenatal care.
c. With greater education comes a higher skill set, thus women would have an improved opportunity to earn an income to support large families.
d. Men would more likely take on the burden of contraception.
e. With the survival of more infants secure, women would be more likely to use contraceptives to limit pregnancies.

A

d. Men would more likely take on the burden of contraception.

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29
Q

When describing the location of New York City as 100 miles northeast of Philadelphia and 100 miles southwest of Boston, a geographer is using

A

situation

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30
Q

Which statement is true regarding the standard biological sex ratio?
a. throughout the world cultural preferences have little influence on the sex ratio
b. some regions have a such a low number of female births that it cannot be considered random
c. the United Nations is not concerned by reports of unbalanced sex ratios
d. scientists have long known that it is influenced by the age and race of the parents
e. higher female life expectancy accounts for the difference in the sex ratio

A

b. some regions have a such a low number of female births that it cannot be considered random

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31
Q

Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2019, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data are used to calculate Country D’s

A

infant mortality rate.

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32
Q

The shape of a population pyramid for a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan with a high percentage of older residents could best be described as

A

the dependency ratio is about 50 percent.

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33
Q

Post-structural geographers might do research to understand

A

the extent of and damages resulting from the Flint Michigan water crisis.

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34
Q

The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in the work force is called the

A

dependency ratio

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35
Q

In addition to English, Spanish is increasingly spoken in areas near the southwestern border of the United States. What type of region does this gradual change of language reflect?

A

functional

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36
Q

The spread of something over a given study area is called

A

Concentration

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37
Q

Which actions can be taken to reduce maternal mortality?

A

monitoring pregnant women and treating conditions during and after childbirth

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38
Q

A description of GIS would be

A

a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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39
Q

Which stage of the epidemiological transition describes a reduced mortality associated with infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging?

A

Stage 3

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40
Q

Which data, if available, would best inform UN estimates of future population growth?

A

the number of babies women will have in their lifetimes

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41
Q

Which measure of population density is linked to its primary purpose?
a. Physiologic density is the best ratio to use to describe human health.
b. Arithmetic density is used to highlight relationships between resources and population centers in a particular region.
c. Agricultural density ratios are the best representation of productive agriculture yields
d. A comparison of physiologic densities and arithmetic densities helps geographers understand economic differences between countries.
e. Arithmetic density is the best ratio to use when describing the “why” of population density.

A

d. A comparison of physiologic densities and arithmetic densities helps geographers understand economic differences between countries.

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42
Q

Spatial organization by ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation are examples of cultural

A

identity

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43
Q

Which of the following is true about global medical services?
a. Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world’s lowest rates of physicians per 10,000.
b. The costs for health-care services throughout the world will continue to decline, The United States public assistance is responsible for keeping costs low.
c. On average, expenditures on health care exceed 50 percent of government expenditures in Europe and North America.
d. Governments in developing countries have greater health care expenditures than developed countries. Residents of Scandinavian countries require less medical treatment than other populations.
e. Sub-Saharan African and Southwest Asian countries have more hospital beds per 10,000 than countries in Europe.

A

a. Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world’s lowest rates of physicians per 10,000.

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44
Q

The art and science of making maps is

A

cartography

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45
Q

The annual number of female deaths related to pregnancy per 100,000 live births is called

A

maternal mortality rate.

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46
Q

Mormonism is most concentrated in the counties surrounding Salt Lake City, Utah. As distance from Salt Lake City increases, the percentage of Mormons declines. This is an example of

A

distance decay

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47
Q

Which statement best supports a geographer’s view that the use of resources is a reflection of culture?

A

Society’s values are the basis for choosing which resources to use.

48
Q

Which best describes how situation is used to identify location?
a. unique, internal physical and cultural characteristics
b. land area
c. nominal location
d. mathematical location on Earth’s surface
e. location relative to other objects or places

A

e. location relative to other objects or places

49
Q

Japan’s population decline is directly attributed to

A

a demographic shift to smaller families and more women in the workforce.

50
Q

The relationship among people and objects across space is defined as

A

Connection

51
Q

Which is a likely outcome of an increase in a country’s agricultural density?
a. increase in the size of its population
b. increase in the areas of its urban centers
c. decrease in the number of farm animals
d. decrease in the number of farmers
e. decrease in the amount of arable land

A

e. decrease in the amount of arable land

52
Q

Which would be a likely result of an increase in a country’s physiological density?
a. an increase in the amount of irrigated land
b. an increase in population
c. an increase in the amount of agricultural land
d. a limit to the number of farmers
e. a limit to the number of farm animals

A

b. an increase in population

53
Q

Which long-term benefit is emphasized in leading approaches to reducing birth rates?
a. improving men’s educational attainment in conjunction with loans to businesses owned by men in small communities
b. improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women’s educational attainment
c. implementing school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach “abstinence only”
d. encouraging people to become more active consumers
e. disseminating information about sexually transmitted diseases

A

b. improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women’s educational attainment

54
Q

Which is the most likely result of a low infant mortality rate?
a. better pre- and post-natal care
b. a lower CBR
c. a government policy restricting family size
d. an elderly population
e. an increase in death rates

A

a. better pre- and post-natal care

55
Q

In which stage of the demographic transition are the highest natural increase rates found?

A

Stage 2

56
Q

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite, spacecraft, or specially equipped high-altitude balloon is

A

Remote Sensing

57
Q

Agricultural density is defined as the number of

A

farmers per area of arable land

58
Q

Which descriptor about the township and range system is TRUE?
a. It is in use nearly everywhere in the world. It diffused widely around the world.
Selected:b. It established a grid pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.This answer is correct.
c. It was widespread in Europe before diffusing to the United States.
d. It was based on population concentration during colonial times.
e. It was used for navigation by early North American pioneers, traders, and explorers.

A
59
Q

Which descriptor about the township and range system is TRUE?
a. It is in use nearly everywhere in the world. It diffused widely around the world.
b. It established a grid pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.
c. It was widespread in Europe before diffusing to the United States.
d. It was based on population concentration during colonial times.
e. It was used for navigation by early North American pioneers, traders, and explorers.

A

b. It established a grid pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.

60
Q

Culture is best defined as

A

caring about and nurturing something

61
Q

The fact that the crude death rate is generally higher in developed countries than it is in developing countries can be explained by

A

relative ages of their populations

62
Q

The ability to move either temporarily or permanently is best described by the term

A

mobility

63
Q

Between 1900-1940
a. the Great Plains became a destination for immigrants.
b. coastal Atlantic cities, especially southern cities, began to grow rapidly.
c. oil towns of Houston and Los Angeles grew exponentially.
d. immigrants bypassed the plains going directly to the West Coast.
e. high numbers of Asian immigrants arrived on the West Coast.

A

a. the Great Plains became a destination for immigrants.

64
Q

In contrast to the trend in many countries, the largest percentage of Americans move from

A

cities to suburbs

65
Q

From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the

A

opening up of the western territories to settlement.

66
Q

Which factor best accounts for intraregional migration?

A

economic

67
Q

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by

A

moving the capital to Brasilia.

68
Q

Which factor most often causes voluntary migration?

A

economic

69
Q

Which country has the greatest total number of foreign-born resident?

A

USA

70
Q

A Syrian family migrated through Turkey to Greece without immigration documents. Although Greece does not grant the family refugee status and they face the risk of deportation, their case is an example of

A

both international and forced migration.

71
Q

The term that best describes a permanent move to a new location is

A

migration

72
Q

Which of the following are the most common factors influencing the decision to migrate?
a. affordable housing, healthier food, and citizenship
b. cultural freedom, environmental protection, and lower food costs
c. business opportunities and health care
d. cultural freedom, environmental comfort, and economic opportunity
e. reuniting with family and friends

A

d. cultural freedom, environmental comfort, and economic opportunity

73
Q

During the same time every year, agricultural workers travel within Brazil to engage in the labor-intensive harvest of sugar cane. This migration pattern is best described as

A

Seasonal Mobility

74
Q

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak during which stage of the demographic transition?

A

Stage 2

75
Q

Which of the following provides the best reason why geographers examine migration patterns?
a. to understand why human migration has only occurred since the beginning of the twenty-first century
b. to estimate when a society will enter stage 5 of the demographic transition
c. to explain the influence of tectonic activity on population growth and distribution
d. to develop policies to better control migration flows
e. to explain changes in population, cultural values, and economic practices in various places

A

e. to explain changes in population, cultural values, and economic practices in various places

76
Q

Wilbur Zelinsky’s migration transition model predicted

A

migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.

77
Q

Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population?

A. As a country’s population ages, the life expectancy for the younger population of the country decreases and healthcare costs decline.

B. As a country’s population ages, the infant mortality rate decreases and there is an increased need for daycare centers.

C. As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.

D. As the proportion of older people in the country increases, the sex ratio becomes disproportionally skewed toward males.

E. As the proportion of older people increases, the total population decreases because older people do not have children.

A

C. As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.

78
Q

The international Syrian refugee crisis that started in 2011 is best explained by

A

A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety

79
Q

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which type of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide?

A

rural to urban

80
Q

Which is most characteristic of societies currently in the last stage of demographic transition?

A

aging population

81
Q

In the early part of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, Thomas Malthus developed a theory that population increases exponentially, while food production can increase only arithmetically. how did the Industrial Revolution reduce the threats forecast by Malthus?

A

The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted.

82
Q

Transnational migrants often send money back to their home countries to support nonmigrant family members. What is the term used to describe their international financial transactions?

A

Remittances

83
Q

What profile characterizes the population group that is the most likely to migrate?

A

Single, 25 years old

84
Q

Which of the following describes a pull factor affecting migration to some of the more developed countries?

A
Loss of factory jobs

B
Severe famine

C
The rise of an authoritarian regime

D
Universal health care

E
Religious persecution

A

D
Universal health care

85
Q

“Brain drain” is

A

the large-scale emigration of talented people.

86
Q

Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Historically, the center of population in the United States has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south.
b. In recent decades, the most important type of internal migration within the United States is from urban to suburban areas.
c. Forced migration can be caused by “cultural” factors such as ethnic cleansing, warfare, or persecution.
d. Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization
e. Refugees have engaged in forced migration.

A

d. Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization

87
Q

The temporary movement of migrant workers between home and host countries and back again to seek employment is known as

A

circular migration

88
Q

Which of the following statements about intraregional migration is NOT true?
a. types vary between developed and developing countries
b. counterurbanization is the latest trend in rural to urban migration
c. it is much more common than interregional or international migration
d. it helps to describe the global trend of urbanization
e. it can describe rural to urban, urban to rural, and urban to suburban movement

A

b. counterurbanization is the latest trend in rural to urban migration

89
Q

U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of

A

ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe

90
Q

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to higher numbers of female migrants?
a. The only opportunities available are in domestic care which discourages male migrants.
b. The pattern reflects the changing role of women in developed countries.
c. It is perceived by the sending country to be a brain drain if men migrate, therefore only women are allowed to leave.
d. Higher numbers of women in the destination workforce attract women
e. Women are willing to pay smugglers more to cross borders illegally.

A

d. Higher numbers of women in the destination workforce attract women

91
Q

U.S. quotas laws prioritize immigrant applications based on

A

family reunification, skill set, and diversity

92
Q

The US center of population has moved steadily to the

A

west

93
Q

Which of the following current migration flows is the LEAST significant in terms of total numbers of people?
a. between and among Asian countries
b. from Latin America to North America
c. from Asia to North America
d. from Asia to Europe
e. from Africa to Europe

A

e. from Africa to Europe

94
Q

Rural to urban migration beginning in the 1800s in the United States was an outgrowth of

A

the industrial revolution

95
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the move from rural to urban areas?
a. The percent of the population shift from rural to urban is greatest in Latin America.
b. The percentage living in urban areas throughout the world has decreased.
c. Urbanization trends in the developing world began in the 1990s.
d. Few people in sub-Saharan Africa want to move to metropolitan areas.
e. It is a trend most commonly observed in developed countries

A

a. The percent of the population shift from rural to urban is greatest in Latin America.

96
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Unauthorized immigrants are more likely to be employed in white collar jobs.
b. The number of unauthorized immigrants is less than the number leaving.
c. California and Florida have the largest number of unauthorized immigrants.
d. The United States no longer legally recognized birth on American soil as legal citizenship.
e. Given the improvements in Mexico’s standard of living, less than 25 percent of those entering the United States come from Mexico.

A

b. The number of unauthorized immigrants is less than the number leaving.

97
Q

The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of

A

the Industrial Revolution which displaced rural workers and precipitated population growth.

98
Q

A country experiences net in-migration if the number of immigrants

A

exceeds the number of emigrants.

99
Q

Several million Irish and Germans migrated in the 1840s primarily because of

A

disastrous economic conditions in the home country.

100
Q

Suburbanization has

A

expanded urban territory but reduced population density.

101
Q

Which of the following accurately describes an interregional migration pattern?
a. China’s urban to rural movement, up until recently, had been restricted through government policies.
b. Canadian interregional movement shifted east to west based on its oil industry.
c. Soviet Unions’ interregional migration was based on government policies to develop economic centers near European markets to the west.
d. Russia’s current interregional migration patterns reflect increased government mandated relocation and economic policies.
e. Brazilian interior development was spurred by the planned city development of Rio de Janeiro.

A

b. Canadian interregional movement shifted east to west based on its oil industry.

102
Q

Mexico provides the United States with its largest numbers of

A

both legal and unauthorized immigrants

103
Q

A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration, it is an example of

A

an intervening obsticle

104
Q

Wilbur Zelinsky’s migration transition model predicted

A

migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.

105
Q

Under U.S. immigration policies

A

refugees sometimes receive special priority over economic migrants

106
Q

Most Asian migration to the United States is through the process of

A

family-based migration

107
Q

The “Trail of Tears” for America’s indigenous population was a process of

A

legally mandated forced migration

108
Q

Which part of Ravenstein’s migration theory is no longer true?
a. reasons for migration are a combination of push and pull factors
b. most are single people
c. most migrants are young adults seeking work
d. long-distance migrants are mostly likely male
e. the ages of migrants from every part of the world is about the same

A

e. the ages of migrants from every part of the world is about the same

109
Q

Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States?
a. Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.
b. Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish.
c. Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States.
d. Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors.
e. Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.

A

a. Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.

110
Q

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is

A

rural to urban

110
Q

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is

A

rural to urban

111
Q

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is

A

rural to urban

112
Q

The U.S. population center of gravity has shifted

A

east to west

113
Q

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak during which stage of the demographic transition

A

Stage 2

114
Q

The largest number of immigrants to the United States come from what country?

A

Mexico

115
Q

What is considered a neutral term in the US for people entering the country without legal documents?

A

unauthorized immigrants

APHuG (11 decks)

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