Chapter 1 Flashcards
Formal/Uniform Region
An area within which everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics
Relocation Diffusion
Spread of physical movement of people from one place to another
Situation/relative location
Location of a place relative to other places
Concentration
Extent of a feature’s spread over space
Network
A chain of communication that connects places
Isoline map
Map that connects with lines, places ith particular values
Environmental Determinism
The belief that the physical environment caused social development
Expansion Diffusion
Spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process
Preservation
The maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible
Cartography
Art of mapmaking
GIScience (Geographic information science)
Analysis of data about Earth through satellite and digital systems
Projection
Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to flat map
Absolute Location
Describes position of a place in a way that never changes
Photogrannetry
Science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photos
Longitude
Location of each meridian identified according to numbering system. Basis for telling time
Distance Decay
Contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears
Sustainability
The use of Earth’s resources in a way that ensures their availability in the future
Coordinated universal time (UTC)
Time at prime meridian is a master reference for all time on Earth
Biotic system
Composed of living organisms
Spacial association
Observed within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature
Location
Position that something occupies on Earth’s surface
Geo tagging
Identify and storage of information by latitude and longitude coordinates (concerns about privacy)
Behavioral Geography
emphasizes importance of understanding the basis of individual human action in space
Region
An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics
VGI (volunteered geographic information)
Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and free by individuals
Latitude
Numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
International date line
An arc that mostly follows 180 degrees longitude
clock moves 24 hours when crossed
East - back, west - ahead
Mashup
Map that overlays data from one source on top of a map by a mapping surface
Transitional Corporation
Conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located
Hierarchical Diffusion
Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power or other persons or places
Conection
Refers to relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
Remote sensing
Acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long distance methods
Toponym
Name given to places on Earth
Globalization
Force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
GPS (global positioning system)
System determines precise position of something on Earth
Cultural Landscape
A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation
Functional/nodal regions
An area organized around a node or focal point
Cartogram
map. the country/state size is proportional to data
Space
Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects
Pattern
Geometric arrangement of objects in space
Erosion
Occurs when the soil washes away in rain or blows away in the wind
Humanistic geography
emphasizes different ways individuals form ideas about places and give places symbolic meaning
Syncretism
Combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
Cultural Ecology
Geographic study of human-environment relationships
Acculturation
The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups
Ecosystem
Group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact
Culture
Body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people
Place
Specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
Assimilation
Process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group
GIS (geographic information system)
captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data
Uneven development
Increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in core and periphery that results from globalization of economy
Citizen science
Scientific research by ametur scientists
Density
Frequency with which something occurs in space
Contagious diffusion
rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
Diffusion
Process by which a feature spreads across from one place to another over time
Participatory GIS
Community based mapping
Chloropleth map
map that uses varying shades of a color to show data
Distribution
Arrangement of something across Earth’s surface
Climate
Long term average weather conditions at a particular location
Space time compression
The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
Stimulus diffusion
Spread of underlying principle even though a characteristic itself is apparently fails to diffuse
Vernacular/perceptual region
an area that people believe exists as a part of their culture identity
Hearth
A place from which innovation originates
Site
The physical character of a place
Dot distribution map
Map that uses dots to show data
Scale
relationship between portion of Earth being studied as a whole
Poststructuaralist geography
