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Nursing 3 Exam 1 > Unit 2 Pregnancy/Antepartum > Flashcards

Unit 2 Pregnancy/Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

What does TPAL stand for?

A

Term babies
Premature babies
Aborted babies
Living Children

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2
Q

What are Presumptive Pregnancy Signs?

A 
Breast Changes
Amenorrhea (without period)
Nausea
Vomitting 
Urinary Frequency 
Elevation of BBT
Fatigue
Quickening
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3
Q

What are Probable Pregnancy Signs?

A 
Goodell's Sign
Chadwick's Sign
Hegar's Sign
Positive Pregnancy Test
Uterine enlargement 
Uterine souffle 
Braxton Hicks contractions 
Ballottement
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4
Q

What is Goodell’s Sign?

A

Cervix becomes soft

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5
Q

What is Chadwick’s Sign?

A

Deep bluish purple color in uterus/cervix.

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6
Q

What is Hegar’s Sign?

A

Distinct feeling of upper & lower area in uterus

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7
Q

What is Uterine souffle?

A

Pulse rate in the uterus that equals woman’s heart

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8
Q

What are Braxton Hick’s?

A

8th or 9th month practice contractions

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9
Q

What is Ballottement?

A

Embryo bounces up when two fingers are taped into uterus.

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10
Q

What are Positive signs of pregnancy?

A

Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
Fetal heart tones detected by ultrasound examination
Fetal movements palpated
Fetal movements visible

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11
Q

Bigger weight babies usually come from whom?

A

Diabetics

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12
Q

Blood Volume is increased by how much during pregnancy?

A

30-50%

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13
Q

Getting pregnant just getting off birth control can cause what?

A

Twinning effect

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14
Q

At the following weeks where should the fundus be?

10-12 weeks
16 weeks
20 weeks
28 weeks
36 weeks
A

10-12: slightly above symphysis
16 weeks: halfway between symphysis and umbilicus
20 weeks: at umbilicus
28 weeks: three finger breaths above umbilicus
36 weeks: just below ensiform cartilage (xyphoid process)

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15
Q

What is the fundus?

A

top of the uterus

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16
Q

Because of the increased blood volume during pregnancy what do you want to promote and why?

A

Hydration to prevent premature labor and dehydration.

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17
Q

A measurement from the top of the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus suggests what?

A

Weeks of gestations,

Ex: 28cm would be 28 weeks.

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18
Q

Describe fetal heartbeat at the following weeks:
10-12 weeks
17-20 weeks
20 weeks

A

10-12: heard with a doppler
17-20: heard with a stethoscope
20: can palpate fetal movements (20 weeks is known at period of viability for fetus)

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19
Q

What is the fetal HR?

A

120-160

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20
Q

When can quickening be felt?

A

Around 20 weeks

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21
Q

What is the optimal pelvis for pregnancy?

A

Gynecoid (heart shaped)

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22
Q

What is done during pelvic exam?

A
  • External and internal genitals evaluated
  • Pap obtained
  • Gonorrhea culture and chlamydia screen
  • Chadwick’s and Goodell’s Sign
  • Uterine size evaluated if appropriate for length of gestation
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23
Q

What is the purpose of an initial assessment during pregnancy?

A

To evaluate the mother for and complication from a possibility of issues such as:

  • Diabetes ( bigger babies )
  • Smoking (premature babies)
  • High blood pressure
  • Breast cancer
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • etc
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24
Q

How is pregnancy due date calculated?

A

FIRST day of the woman’s last menstrual period, count back 3 months and add 7 days.

(Pregnancy last 40 weeks/9 months)

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25
At birth babies lose what percent of their body weight?
10%
26
What are premature babies especially at risk for because of their low birth weight?
Neurological defects
27
How many weeks is considered early premature? late premature? term? postmature?
Early premature- 21 weeks-33 weeks Late premature- 34-37 weeks Term- 38-40 weeks Postmature- 41-43 weeks
28
What does viability mean?
Ability to survive
29
Regarding term babies (38-40 weeks) what are the different size categories and weights associated with them?
LGA (Large for Gestational Age) >8 lbs. SGA (Small for Gestational Age) <5 lbs. AGA (Appropriate for Gestational Age) 6.5-8 lbs
30
What should the frequency of prenatal visits be?
Every 4 weeks for the first 28 Every 2 weeks to 36 Every week there after until birth
31
What should the weight gain be for women during pregnancy?
3.5-5 lbs for the first three months then 1 lbs per week
32
If Hgb is low, around 8-10, what would be an appropriate intervention?
Fluids and Iron
33
What cardiac issues could older mothers experience in labor?
MI and cerebral bleeds
34
When are MSAFP (Maternal serum alpha fetal protein) be taken and what do low or high levels result in?
Between 15-22 weeks Low levels result in Down Syndrome High levels result in Neural tube(spinal cord) defects
35
In the first trimester what are signs of POTENTIAL complication and what do the complications refer too?
Severe vomiting- Hyperemesis gravidarum(Condition of severe vomiting) Chills, fever, burning on urination- Infection Abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding- Miscarriage
36
In the second and third trimester what are signs of POTENTIAL complications and what do they refer too?
Sudden discharge of vaginal fluid- Premature Rupture of Membrane Glycosuria- Gestational diabetes Vaginal bleeding/severe abdominal pain- Placenta previa or abruption or miscarriage Severe backache or flank pain- Kidney infection or stones Change in fetal movements- Intrauterine fetal death Visual disturbances, swelling of face, headaches, muscular irritability, epigastric pain----Hypertensive conditions: preeclampsia or eclampsia
37
Describe briefly life in the trimesters.
First trimester primary organ development happens, open for insult by teratogens Second trimester- morning sickness passes and quickening occurs Third trimester- increasing weight and physical and psychological changes
38
What is considered the pacemaker of the uterus?
the fundus
39
What is the fundus referred to after delivery?
FF@U | Fundus Firm At Umbilicus
40
Describe the cervix is pregnancy.
- feels like cartilage in your nose, softens and shortens to feel like the lobe of your ear - the softening is known as Goodell's Sign and the increased blood flow as Chadwick's Sign (blue in color) - Mucous plug is formed and acts as a barrier to ascending infection - Cervix in labor will dilate the width of five fingers or ten centimeters (each finger tip is equal to 2 cm.)
41
Describe the breasts during pregnancy.
- Based on pigmentation: nipples darken - Breasts enlarge - Colostrum(first milk) production produced by week 12 as preparation for breast feeding - Colostrum is the precursor of human milk and contains newborns immunity base
42
Describe the respiratory system during pregnancy.
Hyperventilation increases Tidal volume increases Diaphragm is elevated Breathing changes to thoracic
43
What simple intervention associated with blood volume can help stop premature labor?
hydration
44
Describe the cardiovascular system during pregnancy.
- By 20-24 weeks cardiac output increases 30 to 50 percent - Pulse rate increases - Blood pressure slightly decreases by second trimester and is near pre-pregnant levels at term -WBC level increases to 11,000-12,000, during labor even up to 25,000
45
What is vena cava syndrome or supine hypotensive syndrome and how is it corrected?
Pressure of enlarging uterus blocks blood return to the heart and causes fainting Place woman on side, or lie with a wedge under right hip
46
Describe the gastrointestinal system in pregnancy.
- Nausea is common, vomiting occasionally - Ptysalism (excessive salivation) - Intestines and stomach displaced by uterus - Relaxed cardiac sphincter leads to heartburn - Delayed gastric emptying leads to constipation - Hemorrhoids Try to think obstruction as in any medical patient obstruction leads to nausea, vomiting, constipation
47
What should a pregnant woman not take when constipated and why?
Laxative because it will induce labor
48
Describe the Urinary System during pregnancy.
- Increased pressure on the bladder from the uterus leads to urinary frequency - Incidence of glycosuria increases which may be normal or may indicate gestational diabetes - Focus on no white products and no juices - UTI's left untreated will induce premature labor
49
What is an appropriate suggestion for early morning sickness?
Eat a dry carbohydrate, such as crackers, before arising
50
What are ways to reduce heartburn in pregnancy?
Eat small frequent meals Avoid spicy or greasy food Refrain from laying down immediately after eating Use low sodium antacids
51
What is PICA and what does it cause?
Abnormal eating of foods such as clay and it creates anemia resulting in SGA (small for gestational age babies)
52
What are ways to treat constipation in pregnancy?
Increase fluid and fiber Exercise in moderation Use stool softners ex: docusate (Colace) NO LAXATIVES ex: polyethylene glycol (Murilax)
53
What can Hemorrhoids be treated?
Ice Sitz bath Apply topical anesthetics
54
What are suggested exercises during pregnancy?
Swimming Yoga Avoid heavy lifting
55
What are interventions for varicose veins?
Elevate legs Support stockings Avoid crossing legs and standing for long perioids
56
What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
25-35 lbs First three months 3.5-5lbs then 1 pound per week (need only 300 extra calories) Inadequate is 2.2lbs per month Excessive is 6.6lbs per month
57
What is nutrient is known to prevent spinal cord deviations in the newborn?
Folic acid
58
What is a bad triple screen level and what can it contribute too?
low level, down syndrome and other chromosome defects
59
What is the purpose of the diagonal conjugate?
to measure the width of the pelvis, it is measured by the symphisis pubis to the sacral promintary
60
What can hypertension in pregnancy lead to?
preeclampsia, eclampsia
61
What can hypertension in pregnancy lead to?
preeclampsia, eclampsia
62
what is folic acid important for during pregnancy?
nueral tube development

Nursing 3 Exam 1 (8 decks)

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