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AP Human Geography > Unit 2: Population and Health (cont.) > Flashcards

Unit 2: Population and Health (cont.) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

the average amount of years an individual can be expected to live

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2
Q

In a perfect world, what would happen to the life expectancy?

A

the life expectancy would keep increasing

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3
Q

What is the elderly support ratio?

A

the number of working age people divided by the number of persons 65 and older

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4
Q

Why do developing countries have a lower life expectancy?

A

they have less preventative care

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5
Q

What is the elderly support ratio?

A

the number of working age people
_____________________________
persons 65 and older

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6
Q

What is the difference in years between the shortest and longest lived countries?

A

20 years

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7
Q

What is the average age that people in developed countries live up to?

A

80 and above

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8
Q

(T/F)? The United States displays significantly different age structures in different states…

A

True

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9
Q

Why do you think there are so many old people in Florida?

A

The state is a “retirement” state filled with various amenities…

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10
Q

(T/F)? There are 9 people working for every elderly person

A

True

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11
Q

WIll the number of people working per elderly person decline?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What will be the ratio between the number of people working per elderly person in 2050?

A

4 people working per elderly person

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13
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

of people to young or too old to work
________________________________
### of people in their productive years

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14
Q

Which stage in the demographic transition model has a large population over the age of 15?

A

Stage 2

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15
Q

Which stage in the demographic transition model has a large population over the age of 65?

A

Stage 4

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16
Q

What is stage 1 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Pestilence and Famine

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17
Q

Why is stage 1 of the epidemiological transition model pestilence and famine?

A

Agriculture is not as developed, yet.

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18
Q

What is stage 2 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Receding pandemics

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19
Q

Why is stage 2 of the epidemiological transition model receding pandemics?

A

Lack of antibiotics and vaccines

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20
Q

What is stage 3 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Degenerative diseases

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21
Q

What are degenerative diseases?

A

Diseases that are usually prominent and found in an older population

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22
Q

What are some examples of degenerative diseases?

A

Alzheimer’s, Cancer, Dementia, Parkinsons, etc.

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23
Q

Why is stage 3 of the epidemiological transition model degenerative diseases?

A

Due to more of an aged/aging population

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24
Q

What is stage 4 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Delayed degenerative disease/lifestyle diseases

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25
Q

What is the difference between delayed degenerative diseases and degenerative diseases?

A

Degenerative diseases happen more because they don’t have treatment and preventative care, but delayed degenerative diseases are the opposite.

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25
Q

What are delayed degenerative diseases?

A

Degenerative diseases, but delayed because of preventative care/treatment

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26
Q

What are lifestyle diseases?

A

Diseases that you contract from recreational things… (too much of a good thing = bad thing…)

27
Q

What are some examples of lifestyle diseases?

A

Alcoholism, stroke, heart disease, asthma, obesity, etc.

28
Q

What is stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Infections and parasitic diseases re-amerge

29
Q

Why do parasitic diseases re-emerge in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Viruses have started to build immunity to antibiotics and vaccines.

30
Q

(T/F)? Parasitic diseases re-emerge in stage 5 because of poverty?

A

Yes

31
Q

Why is a poverty a factor in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Because of poverty, areas that are poor do not have access they need to healthcare

32
Q

(T/F)? Parasitic diseases re-emerge because of globalization?

A

Yes

33
Q

Why is globalization a factor in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?

A

Because globalization helps transmission of viruses

34
Q

What is cholera?

A

Cholera is a waterborne disease that is made when feces and waste contaminate water

35
Q

When was the earliest findings of cholera?

A

In London, when they realized a street pump contaminated the water and was causing sickness in an area.

36
Q

Where have cholera outbreaks more recently occured?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and South Asia

37
Q

Why are cholera outbreaks more centered in developing countries?

A

Having pure, clean water is not always accessible in developing countries

38
Q

What stage is cancer the most common?

A

Stage 3 or later

39
Q

Why is cancer sometimes considered a “privilege”…

A

People who live longer usually get cancer, and you have to be a more developed country to worry about that…

40
Q

Which stage do opioid related death almost exclusively occur?

A

Stage 4

41
Q

Why does stage 4 mose exclusively have the most opioid related deaths?

A

Developed countries usually buy and consume drugs, while developing countries make them…

42
Q

When will Japan enter stage 5?

A

In 2050

43
Q

What is a pronatalist policy?

A

supports having kids (higher birth rates)

44
Q

What is an antinatalist policy?

A

supports less kids (low birth rates)

45
Q

What causes CBR to decrease?

A

women being empowered, having access to education, higher investment necessary per child, and women in the workforce

46
Q

Is birth control the primary reason why the CBR decreases?

A

No, but it does help

47
Q

(T/F)? Birth rate around the world is decreasing except for a few exceptions..

A

True

48
Q

Is birth control discussed in developing countries?

A

Yes, some

49
Q

What are the effects of less family planning?

A

Higher NIR, CBR, TFR

50
Q

What are the effects of more family planning?

A

Lower NIR, CBR, TFR

51
Q

(T/F)? Malaria is primarily found in tropical regions of developing countries and has become very drug resistant.

A

True

52
Q

What type of people does malaria do not really affect?

A

People with the sickle cell trait

53
Q

Why is tuberculosis in more developing areas?

A

Tuberculosis treatment is expensive

54
Q

Why has HIV diffused around the world?

A

people moving and traveling and exchanging bodily fluids. (so like sex).

55
Q

How has HIV diffused across the United States?

A

Major international connection points such as airports

56
Q

Who is Malthus?

A

A geographer in 1798

57
Q

What was Malthus’ theory?

A

Food will exceed population supply

(food will grow geometrically, but population would grow arithmetically)

58
Q

Why was Malthus theory false?

A

Malthus couldn’t conceptualize the technological advancements that we were able to make in agriculture. He was witnessing a period of time where the population was increasing rapidly, so it was fair for those concerns to originate.

59
Q

What are neo-Malthusians?

A

People who believe in Malthus’ principles, but in a more modern lense

60
Q

What do neo-Malthusians believe?

A

Population will ultimately exceed food or another resource (and already has in selected regions of the developing world).

61
Q

(T/F)? China’s food production has outpaced population growth, while African food production is barely enough to outpace population growth.

A

True

62
Q

How did the one child policy balance out the food production compared to the population growth?

A

It steadied the population so the food supply would be enough to sustain the population

63
Q

When did the one child policy take affect?

A

1979

64
Q

Why does Africa have a lot of people, but not enough food?

A

They have not mechanized agriculture so they cannot produce enough food, but they have the means to keep people alive.

AP Human Geography (9 decks)

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