Unit 2: Population and Health (cont.) Flashcards
What is life expectancy?
the average amount of years an individual can be expected to live
In a perfect world, what would happen to the life expectancy?
the life expectancy would keep increasing
What is the elderly support ratio?
the number of working age people divided by the number of persons 65 and older
Why do developing countries have a lower life expectancy?
they have less preventative care
What is the elderly support ratio?
the number of working age people
_____________________________
persons 65 and older
What is the difference in years between the shortest and longest lived countries?
20 years
What is the average age that people in developed countries live up to?
80 and above
(T/F)? The United States displays significantly different age structures in different states…
True
Why do you think there are so many old people in Florida?
The state is a “retirement” state filled with various amenities…
(T/F)? There are 9 people working for every elderly person
True
WIll the number of people working per elderly person decline?
Yes
What will be the ratio between the number of people working per elderly person in 2050?
4 people working per elderly person
What is the dependency ratio?
of people to young or too old to work
________________________________
### of people in their productive years
Which stage in the demographic transition model has a large population over the age of 15?
Stage 2
Which stage in the demographic transition model has a large population over the age of 65?
Stage 4
What is stage 1 of the epidemiological transition model?
Pestilence and Famine
Why is stage 1 of the epidemiological transition model pestilence and famine?
Agriculture is not as developed, yet.
What is stage 2 of the epidemiological transition model?
Receding pandemics
Why is stage 2 of the epidemiological transition model receding pandemics?
Lack of antibiotics and vaccines
What is stage 3 of the epidemiological transition model?
Degenerative diseases
What are degenerative diseases?
Diseases that are usually prominent and found in an older population
What are some examples of degenerative diseases?
Alzheimer’s, Cancer, Dementia, Parkinsons, etc.
Why is stage 3 of the epidemiological transition model degenerative diseases?
Due to more of an aged/aging population
What is stage 4 of the epidemiological transition model?
Delayed degenerative disease/lifestyle diseases
What is the difference between delayed degenerative diseases and degenerative diseases?
Degenerative diseases happen more because they don’t have treatment and preventative care, but delayed degenerative diseases are the opposite.
What are delayed degenerative diseases?
Degenerative diseases, but delayed because of preventative care/treatment
What are lifestyle diseases?
Diseases that you contract from recreational things… (too much of a good thing = bad thing…)
What are some examples of lifestyle diseases?
Alcoholism, stroke, heart disease, asthma, obesity, etc.
What is stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?
Infections and parasitic diseases re-amerge
Why do parasitic diseases re-emerge in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?
Viruses have started to build immunity to antibiotics and vaccines.
(T/F)? Parasitic diseases re-emerge in stage 5 because of poverty?
Yes
Why is a poverty a factor in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?
Because of poverty, areas that are poor do not have access they need to healthcare
(T/F)? Parasitic diseases re-emerge because of globalization?
Yes
Why is globalization a factor in stage 5 of the epidemiological transition model?
Because globalization helps transmission of viruses
What is cholera?
Cholera is a waterborne disease that is made when feces and waste contaminate water
When was the earliest findings of cholera?
In London, when they realized a street pump contaminated the water and was causing sickness in an area.
Where have cholera outbreaks more recently occured?
Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and South Asia
Why are cholera outbreaks more centered in developing countries?
Having pure, clean water is not always accessible in developing countries
What stage is cancer the most common?
Stage 3 or later
Why is cancer sometimes considered a “privilege”…
People who live longer usually get cancer, and you have to be a more developed country to worry about that…
Which stage do opioid related death almost exclusively occur?
Stage 4
Why does stage 4 mose exclusively have the most opioid related deaths?
Developed countries usually buy and consume drugs, while developing countries make them…
When will Japan enter stage 5?
In 2050
What is a pronatalist policy?
supports having kids (higher birth rates)
What is an antinatalist policy?
supports less kids (low birth rates)
What causes CBR to decrease?
women being empowered, having access to education, higher investment necessary per child, and women in the workforce
Is birth control the primary reason why the CBR decreases?
No, but it does help
(T/F)? Birth rate around the world is decreasing except for a few exceptions..
True
Is birth control discussed in developing countries?
Yes, some
What are the effects of less family planning?
Higher NIR, CBR, TFR
What are the effects of more family planning?
Lower NIR, CBR, TFR
(T/F)? Malaria is primarily found in tropical regions of developing countries and has become very drug resistant.
True
What type of people does malaria do not really affect?
People with the sickle cell trait
Why is tuberculosis in more developing areas?
Tuberculosis treatment is expensive
Why has HIV diffused around the world?
people moving and traveling and exchanging bodily fluids. (so like sex).
How has HIV diffused across the United States?
Major international connection points such as airports
Who is Malthus?
A geographer in 1798
What was Malthus’ theory?
Food will exceed population supply
(food will grow geometrically, but population would grow arithmetically)
Why was Malthus theory false?
Malthus couldn’t conceptualize the technological advancements that we were able to make in agriculture. He was witnessing a period of time where the population was increasing rapidly, so it was fair for those concerns to originate.
What are neo-Malthusians?
People who believe in Malthus’ principles, but in a more modern lense
What do neo-Malthusians believe?
Population will ultimately exceed food or another resource (and already has in selected regions of the developing world).
(T/F)? China’s food production has outpaced population growth, while African food production is barely enough to outpace population growth.
True
How did the one child policy balance out the food production compared to the population growth?
It steadied the population so the food supply would be enough to sustain the population
When did the one child policy take affect?
1979
Why does Africa have a lot of people, but not enough food?
They have not mechanized agriculture so they cannot produce enough food, but they have the means to keep people alive.
