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AP Human Geography > Unit 1: This is Geography > Flashcards

Unit 1: This is Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a place?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

a specific point on Earth

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2
Q

What is a region?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

an area on Earth defined by one or more distinctive
characteristics

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3
Q

What is a scale?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the relationship between the portion of Earth being
studied and Earth as a whole

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4
Q

What is space?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

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5
Q

What is a connection?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the relationships among people and objects
across the barrier of space

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6
Q

What region is Panama City located in?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

Panama City is apart of the world region of Latin America

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7
Q

What is a map?

Mapping

A

a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s
surface, or a portion of it

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8
Q

What is cartography?

Mapping

A

the science of mapmaking

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9
Q

What are the two basic purposes of a map?

Mapping

A

a reference tool, a communications tool

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10
Q

What is the full form of GIScience?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Geographic Information Science

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11
Q

What is the full form of GPS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Global Positioning System

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12
Q

What is the full form of GIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Geographic Information System

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13
Q

What is GIScience?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite
and other electronic information technologies

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14
Q

What is GPS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth

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15
Q

What is GIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data

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16
Q

What is remote sensing?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

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17
Q

What is photogrammetry?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photographs

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18
Q

What is the full form of VGI?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Volunteered Geographic Information

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19
Q

What is a VGI?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

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20
Q

What is geotagging?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude
coordinates

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21
Q

What is a mashup?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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22
Q

What is the full form of PGIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Participatory Geographic Information System

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23
Q

What is a PGIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

community-based mapping

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24
Q

What geographic tool would this be?

A drone records images of the Earth’s surface to measure later

A

Photogrammetry

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25
Q

What is map scale?

Making Maps

A

the relationship of a features’ size on a map to its actual size on Earth

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26
Q

What are the 3 ways map scale can be represented?

Making Maps

A

ratio, written scale, graphic scale

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27
Q

What is distortion?

Making Maps

A

the act of twisting or altering something out of its true, natural, or original state

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28
Q

What is projection?

Making Maps

A

the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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29
Q

What are the common types of distortion?

Making Maps

A

shape, distance, relative size, direction

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30
Q

Does every point on Earth have unique coordinates?

Interpreting Maps

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is the basis for calculating time?

Interpreting Maps

A

longitude

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31
Q

What is a meridian?

Interpreting Maps

A

an arc connecting the North and South poles

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32
Q

What is longitude?

Interpreting Maps

A

the location of each meridian identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system

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33
Q

What is a parallel?

Interpreting Maps

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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34
Q

What is latitude?

Interpreting Maps

A

the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

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35
Q

What is an isoline map?

Interpreting Maps

A

a map that connects with lines all the places that have particular values

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36
Q

What is a dot distribution map?

Interpreting Maps

A

a map that depicts data as points and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area

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37
Q

What is a choropleth map?

Interpreting Maps

A

a map that depicts data as points and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area

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38
Q

What is a graduate symbol map?

Interpreting Maps

A

a map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable

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39
Q

What is a cartogram?

Interpreting Maps

A

a map in which the size of an area is proportional to the value of a particular variable

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40
Q

What is a location?

Place: A Unique Location

A

the position that something occupies on Earth’s surface

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41
Q

What is absolute location?

Place: A Unique Location

A

describes the position of a place in a way that never changes

42
Q

What is relative location?

Place: A Unique Location

A

a place’s location relative to other places

43
Q

Relative or Absolute Location?

Location represented with latitude and longitude

A

Absolute Location

44
Q

Relative or Absolute location?

The house by river legacy

A

Relative Location

45
Q

What is a toponym?

Place: A Unique Location

A

the name given to a place on Earth

46
Q

What is a site?

Place: A Unique Location

A

the physical character of a place

47
Q

What is situation?

(also known as relative location)

Place: A Unique Location

A

a place’s location relative to other places

48
Q

What is a formal region?

(also known as a uniform region)

Region: A Unique Area

A

an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

49
Q

What is a functional region?

(also known as a nodal region)

Region: A Unique Area

A

an area organized around a node where the characteristic diminishes in importance away from the node

50
Q

What is a vernacular region?

(also known as a perceptual region)

Region: A Unique Area

A

an area that people believe is a part of their cultural identity

51
Q

What is a cultural landscape?

Region: A Unique Area

A

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such
as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation

52
Q

What is culture?

Regions: Geography and Culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and
social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people

53
Q

What does culture include?

Regions: Geography and Culture

A

what people care about, what people take care of

54
Q

What is spatial association?

Regions: Geography and Culture

A

the degree to which the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature

55
Q

What is globalization?

Scale: Global and Local

A

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

56
Q

What are the effects of globalization?

Scale: Global and Local

A

quicker communications with faraway places, uniform cultural preferences and homogeneous
landscapes, threats to traditional cultural practices

57
Q

What is distribution?

Space: Distribution of Features

A

the arrangement of a feature in space

58
Q

What are the 3 main properties of distribution?

Space: Distribution of Features

A

density, concentration, pattern

59
Q

What is density?

Space: Distribution of Features

A

the frequency with which something occurs in space

60
Q

What is concentration?

Space: Distribution of Features

A

the extent of a features’ spread over space

61
Q

What is a pattern?

Space: Distribution of Features

A

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

62
Q

What is humanistic geography?

Space: Inequality

A

geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings

63
Q

What is behavioral geography?

Space: Inequality

A

geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

64
Q

What is sex?

Space: Gender Identity

A

a biological attribute

65
Q

What is gender?

Space: Gender Identity

A

a social construct that varies from society to society and across time, and can be changed

66
Q

What are the important elements of cultural identity?

Space: Cultural Identity

A

race, ethnicity, sex, age, class

67
Q

What is race?

Space: Cultural Identity

A

a social construct

68
Q

What is an ethnic identity?

Space: Cultural Identity

A

an identity tied to a particular place

69
Q

What is diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time

70
Q

What is a hearth?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the place from which a feature or innovation originates

71
Q

What are the two different types of diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

relocation diffusion, expansion diffusion

72
Q

What is relocation diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through
physical movement of people from one place to another

73
Q

What is expansion diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one
place to another in an additive process

74
Q

What are the three process of expansion diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, stimulus diffusion

75
Q

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

76
Q

What is contagious diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

77
Q

What is stimulus diffusion?

Connections: Diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle even if the characteristic itself fails to diffuse

78
Q

What is distance-decay?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

the theory that the farther away
someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact

79
Q

What is space-time compression?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

the lessening of distance-
decay in the modern world because the connection between places takes much less time

80
Q

What are the results of connections between cultural groups?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

assimilation, acculturation, syncretism

81
Q

What is assimilation?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

82
Q

What is acculturation?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups

83
Q

What is syncretism?

Connections: Spatial Interaction

A

the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

84
Q

What is a resource?

Sustainability and Resources

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically
feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use

85
Q

What are the two categories resources are classified as?

Sustainability and Resources

A

renewable, nonrenewable

86
Q

What is a non-renewable resource?

Sustainability and Resources

A

resources are produced in nature more rapidly than they are consumed by humans

87
Q

What is a non-renewable resource?

Sustainability and Resources

A

resources are produced slower than they are consumed by humans

88
Q

What is sustainability?

Sustainability and Resources

A

the use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future

89
Q

What are the 3 pillars of sustainability?

Sustainability and Resources

A

environment, society, economy

90
Q

What can influence Human Activity?

Sustainability and Earth Systems

A

Earth’s physical systems

91
Q

What are the three abiotic systems?

Sustainability and Earth Systems

A

atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

92
Q

What is the one biotic system?

Sustainability and Earth Systems

A

biosphere

93
Q

What is a climate?

Sustainability and Earth Systems

A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location

94
Q

What are the 5 main climate regions?

Sustainability and Earth Systems

A

tropical, dry, warm mid-latitude, cold mid latitude, polar

95
Q

What is an ecosystem?

Geography and Ecology

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

96
Q

What is ecology?

Geography and Ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

97
Q

What is cultural ecology?

Geography and Ecology

A

the study of human-environment relationships

98
Q

What are the two human-environment relationships produced from the study of cultural ecology?

Geography and Ecology

A

environmental determinism, possibilism

99
Q

What is environmental determinism?

Geography and Ecology

A

the physical environment causes social development

100
Q

What is possibilism?

Geography and Ecology

A

the environment sets some limits, but people have the ability to adjust

101
Q

What are the two big contrasts in sustainability?

A

South Africa and the Netherlands

102
Q

How has the Netherlands maintained sustainability?

A

Dutch modification of the environment has addressed
sustainability with the use of polders

103
Q

How has South Africa not met sustainability?

A

South African city of Cape Town faces unsustainable demands for water

AP Human Geography (9 decks)

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