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AP Human Geography > Unit 1: This is Geography > Flashcards

Unit 1: This is Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What is a place?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

a specific point on Earth

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2
Q

What is a region?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

an area on Earth defined by one or more distinctive
characteristics

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3
Q

What is a scale?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the relationship between the portion of Earth being
studied and Earth as a whole

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4
Q

What is space?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

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5
Q

What is a connection?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

the relationships among people and objects
across the barrier of space

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6
Q

What region is Panama City located in?

Geography’s Basic Concepts

A

Panama City is apart of the world region of Latin America

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7
Q

What is a map?

Mapping

A

a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s
surface, or a portion of it

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8
Q

What is cartography?

Mapping

A

the science of mapmaking

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9
Q

What are the two basic purposes of a map?

Mapping

A

a reference tool, a communications tool

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10
Q

What is the full form of GIScience?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Geographic Information Science

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11
Q

What is the full form of GPS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Global Positioning System

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12
Q

What is the full form of GIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Geographic Information System

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13
Q

What is GIScience?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite
and other electronic information technologies

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14
Q

What is GPS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth

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15
Q

What is GIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data

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16
Q

What is remote sensing?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

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17
Q

What is photogrammetry?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photographs

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18
Q

What is the full form of VGI?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Volunteered Geographic Information

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19
Q

What is a VGI?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

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20
Q

What is geotagging?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

the identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude
coordinates

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21
Q

What is a mashup?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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22
Q

What is the full form of PGIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

Participatory Geographic Information System

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23
Q

What is a PGIS?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

A

community-based mapping

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24
Q

What geographic tool would this be?

A drone records images of the Earth’s surface to measure later

A

Photogrammetry

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25
What is map scale? ## Footnote Making Maps
the relationship of a features' size on a map to its actual size on Earth
26
What are the 3 ways map scale can be represented? ## Footnote Making Maps
ratio, written scale, graphic scale
27
What is distortion? ## Footnote Making Maps
the act of twisting or altering something out of its true, natural, or original state
28
What is projection? ## Footnote Making Maps
the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map
29
What are the common types of distortion? ## Footnote Making Maps
shape, distance, relative size, direction
30
Does every point on Earth have unique coordinates? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
Yes
30
What is the basis for calculating time? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
longitude
31
What is a meridian? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
an arc connecting the North and South poles
32
What is longitude? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
the location of each meridian identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system
33
What is a parallel? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
34
What is latitude? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
35
What is an isoline map? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a map that connects with lines all the places that have particular values
36
What is a dot distribution map? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a map that depicts data as points and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area
37
What is a choropleth map? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a map that depicts data as points and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area
38
What is a graduate symbol map? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable
39
What is a cartogram? ## Footnote Interpreting Maps
a map in which the size of an area is proportional to the value of a particular variable
40
What is a location? ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
the position that something occupies on Earth’s surface
41
What is absolute location? ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
describes the position of a place in a way that never changes
42
What is relative location? ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
a place’s location relative to other places
43
# Relative or Absolute Location? Location represented with latitude and longitude
Absolute Location
44
# Relative or Absolute location? The house by river legacy
Relative Location
45
What is a toponym? ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
the name given to a place on Earth
46
What is a site? ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
the physical character of a place
47
What is situation? | (also known as relative location) ## Footnote Place: A Unique Location
a place’s location relative to other places
48
What is a formal region? | (also known as a uniform region) ## Footnote Region: A Unique Area
an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
49
What is a functional region? | (also known as a nodal region) ## Footnote Region: A Unique Area
an area organized around a node where the characteristic diminishes in importance away from the node
50
What is a vernacular region? | (also known as a perceptual region) ## Footnote Region: A Unique Area
an area that people believe is a part of their cultural identity
51
What is a cultural landscape? ## Footnote Region: A Unique Area
**a combination of cultural features** such as language and religion**, economic features** such as agriculture and industry**, and** **physical features** such as climate and vegetation
52
What is culture? ## Footnote Regions: Geography and Culture
the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people
53
What does culture include? ## Footnote Regions: Geography and Culture
what people care about, what people take care of
54
What is spatial association? ## Footnote Regions: Geography and Culture
the degree to which the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature
55
What is globalization? ## Footnote Scale: Global and Local
a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
56
What are the effects of globalization? ## Footnote Scale: Global and Local
quicker communications with faraway places, uniform cultural preferences and homogeneous landscapes, threats to traditional cultural practices
57
What is distribution? ## Footnote Space: Distribution of Features
the arrangement of a feature in space
58
What are the 3 main properties of distribution? ## Footnote Space: Distribution of Features
density, concentration, pattern
59
What is density? ## Footnote Space: Distribution of Features
the frequency with which something occurs in space
60
What is concentration? ## Footnote Space: Distribution of Features
the extent of a features' spread over space
61
What is a pattern? ## Footnote Space: Distribution of Features
the geometric arrangement of objects in space
62
What is humanistic geography? ## Footnote Space: Inequality
geography that emphasizes the **different ways that individuals form ideas about place** and **give those places symbolic meanings**
63
What is behavioral geography? ## Footnote Space: Inequality
geography that emphasizes the importance of **understanding the psychological basis** for **individual human actions in space**
64
What is sex? ## Footnote Space: Gender Identity
a biological attribute
65
What is gender? ## Footnote Space: Gender Identity
a social construct that varies from society to society and across time, and can be changed
66
What are the important elements of cultural identity? ## Footnote Space: Cultural Identity
race, ethnicity, sex, age, class
67
What is race? ## Footnote Space: Cultural Identity
a social construct
68
What is an ethnic identity? ## Footnote Space: Cultural Identity
an identity tied to a particular place
69
What is diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time
70
What is a hearth? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the place from which a feature or innovation originates
71
What are the two different types of diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
relocation diffusion, expansion diffusion
72
What is relocation diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
73
What is expansion diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process
74
What are the three process of expansion diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, stimulus diffusion
75
What is hierarchical diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
76
What is contagious diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
77
What is stimulus diffusion? ## Footnote Connections: Diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle even if the characteristic itself fails to diffuse
78
What is distance-decay? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
the theory that the farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact
79
What is space-time compression? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
the lessening of distance- decay in the modern world because the connection between places takes much less time
80
What are the results of connections between cultural groups? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
assimilation, acculturation, syncretism
81
What is assimilation? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group
82
What is acculturation? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups
83
What is syncretism? ## Footnote Connections: Spatial Interaction
the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
84
What is a resource? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use
85
What are the two categories resources are classified as? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
renewable, nonrenewable
86
What is a non-renewable resource? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
resources are produced in nature more rapidly than they are consumed by humans
87
What is a non-renewable resource? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
resources are produced slower than they are consumed by humans
88
What is sustainability? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
the use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future
89
What are the 3 pillars of sustainability? ## Footnote Sustainability and Resources
environment, society, economy
90
What can influence Human Activity? ## Footnote Sustainability and Earth Systems
Earth's physical systems
91
What are the three abiotic systems? ## Footnote Sustainability and Earth Systems
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
92
What is the one biotic system? ## Footnote Sustainability and Earth Systems
biosphere
93
What is a climate? ## Footnote Sustainability and Earth Systems
The long-term average weather condition at a particular location
94
What are the 5 main climate regions? ## Footnote Sustainability and Earth Systems
tropical, dry, warm mid-latitude, cold mid latitude, polar
95
What is an ecosystem? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact
96
What is ecology? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
the study of ecosystems
97
What is cultural ecology? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
the study of human-environment relationships
98
What are the two human-environment relationships produced from the study of cultural ecology? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
environmental determinism, possibilism
99
What is environmental determinism? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
the physical environment causes social development
100
What is possibilism? ## Footnote Geography and Ecology
the environment sets some limits, but people have the ability to adjust
101
What are the two big contrasts in sustainability?
South Africa and the Netherlands
102
How has the Netherlands maintained sustainability?
Dutch modification of the environment has addressed sustainability with the use of polders
103
How has South Africa not met sustainability?
South African city of Cape Town faces unsustainable demands for water

AP Human Geography (11 decks)

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