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AP Human Geography > Unit 2: Population and Health > Flashcards

Unit 2: Population and Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is population?

A

A whole number of people living in a space (country, region, world)

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2
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of people per square mile

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3
Q

Does population correlate with the size of the country?

A

No.

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4
Q

Does population density correlate with the size of the country?

A

No.

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5
Q

If you have a higher population and a smaller country…

A

the higher the population density in that area

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6
Q

What are the two most populated countries in the world?

A

India, China

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7
Q

What is the least populated country?

A

Vatican City, a country because it is self-governed

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8
Q

What is birth rate in simple terms?

A

The number of babies born in a certain amount of time

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9
Q

What is fertility rate in simple terms?

A

The average number of kids per mother

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10
Q

What number does the fertility rate have to be in order for the population of a country to be replaced?

A

2.1

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11
Q

If the fertility rate is below 2.1, what is happening to the population?

A

The population would be decreasing

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12
Q

If the fertility rate is above or equal to 2.1, what is happening to the population?

A

The population would stay the same and would be increasing

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13
Q

Why do developing countries have a higher fertility rate?

A

Their access to birth control

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14
Q

If an area has a high fertility rate, what can we assume about that area?

A

They have little to no access to birth control

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15
Q

What are two common trends in a population pyramid?

A

Women outlive men, more men are usually conceived

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16
Q

If the population pyramid takes a V-shape, what can we assume about the diagram?

A

We can assume that the population is decreasing

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17
Q

The population pyramid takes a pyramid shape, what can we assume about the diagram?

A

We can assume the population is increasing

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18
Q

Why was there a baby boom in 1950 in the U.S.? Why was this possible?

A

More kids were staying alive and people were living longer. This was possible because of antibiotics and vaccines.

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19
Q

What happened in the 1960-70’s in the U.S.?

A

Birth Control was accessible around the early 1960’s. In 1970, women had more control over their bodies after many laws were passed to free up birth control for women.

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20
Q

How does birth control connect to history right after?

A

Birth control helped spark women’s right reforms, movements, and ideas.

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21
Q

What is demography?

A

The scientific study of population characteristics

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22
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

the maximum population size of a human that an environment can sustain forever

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23
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

occurs when the number people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

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24
Q

How much percentage of food in the U.S. goes to waste?

A

about 25-40% of our food

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25
Why are many cities in China clustered near the coastline?
The middle parts of China are rugged plateau regions which makes it difficult to settle in
26
What are the four major population clusters?
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia
27
Much of Earth is...
sparsely populated
28
Why is much of earth sparsely populated?
too dry, too wet, too cold, too high (climates and conditions)
29
What is an ecumene?
a part of the Earth where people have permanently settled and is developed
30
Why were people able to stay in one place?
agriculture
31
What is arithmetic density?
people ________ land in an area (the amount of people in a amount of land)
32
What is physiological density?
the amount of people per farmable land
33
What is agricultural density?
the amount of farmers per farmable land
34
Why do more developed countries have less farmers and farmable land?
Large-scale farming/agriculture.
35
How do more developed countries have less farmers and farmable land?
The mechanization/ technologization of agriculture. They have been able to use machines to efficiently farm.
36
Why do more developing countries have more farmers and farmable land?
Their economies are centered around agriculture, and they cannot afford machinery.
37
If the agricultural density of an area is over 10%, what can we consider that area?
A developing area/country
38
If the physiological density is high, should we be concerned?
Yes.
39
Why should we be concerned if there is a high physiological density in an area?
A high density of this type suggests that they will run out of limited arable land, and may cause food to run out sooner.
40
What is the full form of NIR?
Natural Increase Rate
41
What is the NIR?
The percentage by which a population grows in a year.
42
What will the NIR be if the population is increasing?
above 0
43
What will the NIR be if the population is decreasing?
below 0 (negative)
44
What will the NIR be if the population is not growing?
0 (no growth)
45
What is the current global NIR?
1.2%
46
Where does 95% of our NIR (population growth) occur?
Developing countries
47
What is doubling time?
The amount of time it will take to double a population
48
What percentage of people live in developing countries?
75%
49
When does natural increase happen?
When births exceed deaths
50
What is a crude birth rate?
live births per year ___________________ 1,000 people
51
What is a crude death rate?
deaths per year _________________ 1,000 people
52
What is an infant mortality rate?
deaths of babies between 0-1 years old ______________________________ 1,000 live births
53
How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?
5 possible stages, 4 stages in general
54
What are the characteristics of stage 1?
-High birth rate -High death rate -NIR is 0
55
What types of countries are in stage 1?
No countries are in stage 1, only certain populations
56
What are the characteristics of stage 2?
-High birth rate -Decreasing death rate (antibiotics, vaccines, agriculture) -High, rapid NIR (keeping more people alive and high birth rate)
57
What types of countries are in stage 2?
Low/less developing countries are usually in this stage
58
What are the characteristics of stage 3?
-Birth rate starts to decrease (birth control, advancements in medicine and women's freedoms) -Death rate continues to decrease -NIR decreases, moderate population increases
59
What types of countries are in stage 3?
Developing/High developing countries are usually in this stage
60
What are the characteristics of stage 4?
-Birth rate continues to decrease -Death rate may increase a little bit (due to aging population) -NIR eventually goes down to 0
61
What types of countries are in stage 4?
Developed/More developed countries are usually in this stage
62
What are the characteristics of the possible stage 5?
-When the NIR is below 0 -The population is decreasing
63
What types of countries are in stage 5?
More developed countries are usually in this stage
64
What best describes the contrast between healthcare in developed and developing countries?
Developed countries have drastically different health conditions than developing countries.
65
How much would a developing country spend on healthcare?
developing nations < 100 per person on healthcare a year
66
How much would a developed country spend on healthcare?
developed countries > 1000 per person on healthcare a year
67
Why do countries with older populations often time have more advanced healthcare?
Because they have a more an aging population, they have to have more advanced care, and when they have more advanced care, they are able to sustain more life. (It's one big cycle)!
68
Which country in the world is one of the wealthiest but does not have accessible healthcare to all?
The United States
69
If a country spends more on healthcare...
then the life expectancy in that country is longer.
70
Why don't developing countries have low-cost medicines available in their country?
They are not prioritized, which means less preventative care in developing countries
71
What puts woman at risk?
cultural and economic factors
72
(T/F)? Are the more males in a space?
True
73
(T/F)? Is having more males in a space dangerous for women?
True
74
What is the sex ratio?
males __________ 100 females
75
What is a normal sex ratio?
105:100
76
What is the maternal mortality rate?
number of pregnancy related deaths ________________________________ 100,000 live births
77
Which country in the world has the highest maternal mortality rate?
The United States
78
Why does the U.S. have a high maternal mortality rate?
People cannot afford medical care, so more people die
79
China has a sex ratio of 114:100. What does this indicate?
This indicates a general preference to boys

AP Human Geography (11 decks)

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