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AP Human Geography > Unit 2: Population and Health > Flashcards

Unit 2: Population and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is population?

A

A whole number of people living in a space (country, region, world)

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2
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of people per square mile

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3
Q

Does population correlate with the size of the country?

A

No.

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4
Q

Does population density correlate with the size of the country?

A

No.

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5
Q

If you have a higher population and a smaller country…

A

the higher the population density in that area

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6
Q

What are the two most populated countries in the world?

A

India, China

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7
Q

What is the least populated country?

A

Vatican City, a country because it is self-governed

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8
Q

What is birth rate in simple terms?

A

The number of babies born in a certain amount of time

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9
Q

What is fertility rate in simple terms?

A

The average number of kids per mother

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10
Q

What number does the fertility rate have to be in order for the population of a country to be replaced?

A

2.1

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11
Q

If the fertility rate is below 2.1, what is happening to the population?

A

The population would be decreasing

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12
Q

If the fertility rate is above or equal to 2.1, what is happening to the population?

A

The population would stay the same and would be increasing

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13
Q

Why do developing countries have a higher fertility rate?

A

Their access to birth control

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14
Q

If an area has a high fertility rate, what can we assume about that area?

A

They have little to no access to birth control

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15
Q

What are two common trends in a population pyramid?

A

Women outlive men, more men are usually conceived

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16
Q

If the population pyramid takes a V-shape, what can we assume about the diagram?

A

We can assume that the population is decreasing

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17
Q

The population pyramid takes a pyramid shape, what can we assume about the diagram?

A

We can assume the population is increasing

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18
Q

Why was there a baby boom in 1950 in the U.S.? Why was this possible?

A

More kids were staying alive and people were living longer. This was possible because of antibiotics and vaccines.

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19
Q

What happened in the 1960-70’s in the U.S.?

A

Birth Control was accessible around the early 1960’s. In 1970, women had more control over their bodies after many laws were passed to free up birth control for women.

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20
Q

How does birth control connect to history right after?

A

Birth control helped spark women’s right reforms, movements, and ideas.

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21
Q

What is demography?

A

The scientific study of population characteristics

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22
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

the maximum population size of a human that an environment can sustain forever

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23
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

occurs when the number people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

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24
Q

How much percentage of food in the U.S. goes to waste?

A

about 25-40% of our food

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25
Q

Why are many cities in China clustered near the coastline?

A

The middle parts of China are rugged plateau regions which makes it difficult to settle in

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26
Q

What are the four major population clusters?

A

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia

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27
Q

Much of Earth is…

A

sparsely populated

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28
Q

Why is much of earth sparsely populated?

A

too dry, too wet, too cold, too high (climates and conditions)

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29
Q

What is an ecumene?

A

a part of the Earth where people have permanently settled and is developed

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30
Q

Why were people able to stay in one place?

A

agriculture

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31
Q

What is arithmetic density?

A

people
________
land

in an area

(the amount of people in a amount of land)

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32
Q

What is physiological density?

A

the amount of people per farmable land

33
Q

What is agricultural density?

A

the amount of farmers per farmable land

34
Q

Why do more developed countries have less farmers and farmable land?

A

Large-scale farming/agriculture.

35
Q

How do more developed countries have less farmers and farmable land?

A

The mechanization/ technologization of agriculture. They have been able to use machines to efficiently farm.

36
Q

Why do more developing countries have more farmers and farmable land?

A

Their economies are centered around agriculture, and they cannot afford machinery.

37
Q

If the agricultural density of an area is over 10%, what can we consider that area?

A

A developing area/country

38
Q

If the physiological density is high, should we be concerned?

A

Yes.

39
Q

Why should we be concerned if there is a high physiological density in an area?

A

A high density of this type suggests that they will run out of limited arable land, and may cause food to run out sooner.

40
Q

What is the full form of NIR?

A

Natural Increase Rate

41
Q

What is the NIR?

A

The percentage by which a population grows in a year.

42
Q

What will the NIR be if the population is increasing?

A

above 0

43
Q

What will the NIR be if the population is decreasing?

A

below 0 (negative)

44
Q

What will the NIR be if the population is not growing?

A

0 (no growth)

45
Q

What is the current global NIR?

A

1.2%

46
Q

Where does 95% of our NIR (population growth) occur?

A

Developing countries

47
Q

What is doubling time?

A

The amount of time it will take to double a population

48
Q

What percentage of people live in developing countries?

A

75%

49
Q

When does natural increase happen?

A

When births exceed deaths

50
Q

What is a crude birth rate?

A

live births per year
___________________
1,000 people

51
Q

What is a crude death rate?

A

deaths per year
_________________
1,000 people

52
Q

What is an infant mortality rate?

A

deaths of babies between 0-1 years old
______________________________
1,000 live births

53
Q

How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?

A

5 possible stages, 4 stages in general

54
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 1?

A

-High birth rate
-High death rate
-NIR is 0

55
Q

What types of countries are in stage 1?

A

No countries are in stage 1, only certain populations

56
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 2?

A

-High birth rate
-Decreasing death rate (antibiotics, vaccines, agriculture)
-High, rapid NIR (keeping more people alive and high birth rate)

57
Q

What types of countries are in stage 2?

A

Low/less developing countries are usually in this stage

58
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 3?

A

-Birth rate starts to decrease (birth control, advancements in medicine and women’s freedoms)
-Death rate continues to decrease
-NIR decreases, moderate population increases

59
Q

What types of countries are in stage 3?

A

Developing/High developing countries are usually in this stage

60
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 4?

A

-Birth rate continues to decrease
-Death rate may increase a little bit (due to aging population)
-NIR eventually goes down to 0

61
Q

What types of countries are in stage 4?

A

Developed/More developed countries are usually in this stage

62
Q

What are the characteristics of the possible stage 5?

A

-When the NIR is below 0
-The population is decreasing

63
Q

What types of countries are in stage 5?

A

More developed countries are usually in this stage

64
Q

What best describes the contrast between healthcare in developed and developing countries?

A

Developed countries have drastically different health conditions than developing countries.

65
Q

How much would a developing country spend on healthcare?

A

developing nations
< 100 per person on healthcare a year

66
Q

How much would a developed country spend on healthcare?

A

developed countries
> 1000 per person on healthcare a year

67
Q

Why do countries with older populations often time have more advanced healthcare?

A

Because they have a more an aging population, they have to have more advanced care, and when they have more advanced care, they are able to sustain more life. (It’s one big cycle)!

68
Q

Which country in the world is one of the wealthiest but does not have accessible healthcare to all?

A

The United States

69
Q

If a country spends more on healthcare…

A

then the life expectancy in that country is longer.

70
Q

Why don’t developing countries have low-cost medicines available in their country?

A

They are not prioritized, which means less preventative care in developing countries

71
Q

What puts woman at risk?

A

cultural and economic factors

72
Q

(T/F)? Are the more males in a space?

A

True

73
Q

(T/F)? Is having more males in a space dangerous for women?

A

True

74
Q

What is the sex ratio?

A

males
__________
100 females

75
Q

What is a normal sex ratio?

A

105:100

76
Q

What is the maternal mortality rate?

A

number of pregnancy related deaths
________________________________
100,000 live births

77
Q

Which country in the world has the highest maternal mortality rate?

A

The United States

78
Q

Why does the U.S. have a high maternal mortality rate?

A

People cannot afford medical care, so more people die

79
Q

China has a sex ratio of 114:100. What does this indicate?

A

This indicates a general preference to boys

AP Human Geography (9 decks)

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