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AP U.S. Government and Politics > Unit 2 Political Culture > Flashcards

Unit 2 Political Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

Attentive public

A

-those with an active interest in government and politics

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2
Q

Mass

A

-those with little interest in government and politics

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3
Q

Latent opinion

A

-dormant, but may be aroused

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4
Q

Salient opinion

A

-have some personal importance

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5
Q

Weakness of elections when it comes to determining public opinion

A

-don’t tell why people voted as they did

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6
Q

Straw polls

A

-inaccurate because unscientific

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7
Q

Scientific polls

A
  • purpose is to measure public opinion with significant accuracy without measuring every person in the universe
  • each person in universe has an equal chance of being selected.
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8
Q

Universe

A

Population to be measured

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9
Q

Abuses of polls

A
  • “horse race” mentality emphasized during campaigns at expense of the issues.
  • pandering to the whims of public by candidates and office-holders.
  • early projections from exit polls may discourage voter turnout especially in the west.
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10
Q

Historical qualifications for suffrage

A

-religion (eliminated by state legislators)
-property (eliminated by state legislators)
-race (eliminated by the 15th amendment)
-sex (eliminated by the 19th amendment)
-income (eliminated by the 24th amendment – banning poll tax)
-literacy (illuminated by voting rights act of 1965)
Minimum age of 21 (eliminated by 26th amendment)

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11
Q

Current voting qualifications

A
  • citizenship
  • residency
  • age (18)
  • registration (except ND)
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12
Q

Reasons for low voter turnout

A
  • registration
  • long ballot
  • type of election
  • difficulties in obtaining absentee ballots
  • too many elections
  • 19th century voting was filled with fraud
  • voter id laws, limiting polling places, limited time to vote (recent obstacles)
  • lack of political efficacy
  • disgust with politics
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13
Q

Elites

A
  • those with disproportionate amount of political resources
  • raises issues and help set national agenda
  • influence the resolution of issues
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14
Q

Factors affecting voter behavior

A
  • geography
  • presence of an especially strong presidential candidate
  • political alignment
  • sex
  • race
  • social classes
  • religion
  • issues (especially economy)
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15
Q

Maintaining elections

A

-political alignment remains the same

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16
Q

Deviating elections

A

-temporary change in political alignment

17
Q

Realigning critical elections

A

-Long time change and political alignment. Electoral realignment occurs when a new issue of utmost importance to the voters cuts across existing party divisions and replaces an old issue that was formally the basis of party identification

18
Q

Straight ticket voting

A
  • vote for all of one’s party’s candidates.
  • declined recently
  • facilitated by party column ballot
19
Q

Split ticket voting

A
  • vote for some of one party’s candidates and some of another party’s candidates
  • increase in recent years
  • facilitated by office-column ballot
20
Q

Political Culture

A

They widely shared beliefs, values, and norms that citizens share about their government

21
Q

Tocqueville

A
  • wrote analysis of our political culture
  • no feudal aristocracy=social mobility
  • minimal taxes=limited government involvement
  • few legal restraints=liberty
  • westward movement as a result of vast territories=providing opportunities
22
Q

Civic duty

A

-the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

23
Q

Communitarian

A

A philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community

24
Q

Political efficacy

A
  • internal=ability to understand political affairs

- external=belief that one can have an impact upon government

25
Q

Wilson’s Two Camps

A
  • orthodox=morality more important than self-expression with fixed rules from God
  • progressive=personal freedom more important than tradition with changing rules based on circumstances of modern life
26
Q

Ideology

A

-integrated set of beliefs and values that shape a person’s views

27
Q

Liberalism

A

REACTIONARY political philosophy w liberty and equality

28
Q

Conservatism

A

Political philosophy favoring TRADITION and the STATUS QUO

29
Q

Populism

A

Government involved both socially and economically

30
Q

Characteristics of those likely to vote

A

1 LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
2income
3age

31
Q

Maintaining Elections with example

A
  • political alignment remains the same

- Kennedy to Johnson

32
Q

Deviating election

A
  • temporary change in political alignment

- ex Truman the Eisenhower then Kennedy and Johnson

33
Q

Realigning election

A

Long term change in political alignment

Ex FDR

34
Q

PAC system

A
  • political action committee
  • created by FECA
  • each corporations, union, or association may establish one
  • a pac must register six months in advance, have at least fifty contributors, and give to at least 5 candidates
  • PAC contributions to a candidate may not exceed $5,000, or to a national party $15,000
35
Q

Differences between Federal election campaign act (FECA) and Bipartisan campaign reform act (BCRA)

A
  • FECA=1971 BCRA=2002
  • individual hard money to candidates limited to $1,000 (FECA) limited to $2,000 per year with $37,500 to all federal candidates every 2 years (BCRA)
  • hard money to political parties and PACs 20k/year to a political party 5k to a PAC (FECA) 95k fed political gifts/2 years (BCRA)
  • BCRA limits bundling to 95k/2 years
  • BRCA bans soft money
  • BRCA 60/30 rule for corporations, unions, and associations (527s exempt)
36
Q

Buckley v. Valeo

A

1971
Questions: Did the limits placed on electoral expenditure by FECA violate the first amendment’s freedom of speech and association clauses
Decision:
-overturned restrictions on independent expenditures
-upheld restrictions on individual contributions
-hard money constitutional

37
Q

McConnel v. FEC 2003

A

2003

  • question: does the “soft money” ban (BCRA) exceed Congress’ authority to regulate elections and/or violate 1st amendment
  • upheld the ban on soft money; restriction of free speech was minimal
38
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

Question: do the BRCA’s disclosure requirements impose an unconstitutional burden when applied to electioneering requirements because they are protected “political speech”?
Decision: 1st amendment corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited
The majority maintained that political speech is indispensable to a democracy, which is no less true bc the speech comes from a corporation
INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES 60/30 rule overturned

AP U.S. Government and Politics (20 decks)

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