Civil Liberties Flashcards
1
Q
civil liberties
A
- legal and constitutional rights that protect individuals from arbitrary acts of govt
- freedom of speech, religion, and press and guarantees of fair trial
2
Q
civil rights
A
policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by govt officials or individuals (laws against racial and gender discrimination)
3
Q
Bill of Rights
A
- specific rights and restrictions on govt authority
- protects basic rights and freedoms
- led by James Madison, First Congress added bill of rights in response to Anti-Federalists
4
Q
the first words of the First Amendment
A
“Congress shall make no law…” - restricted federal govt, not necessarily state govts
5
Q
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
A
- Barron co-owned a wharf in Baltimore Harbor
- complained that city damaged business when construction project made water too shallow for ships
- according to Fifth Amendment, city should pay compensation
6
Q
SC’s decision in Barron v. Baltimore
A
- Bill of Rights “contains no expression indicating an intention to apply them to the state govts”
- precedent that freedoms did not restrict state govts
7
Q
14th amendment
A
“no state shall make or enforce any law which abridges the privileges or immunities of citizens of the US”
- due process clause
- equal protection clause
8
Q
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
A
- “The Revolutionary Age” = pamphlet urging workers to strike and join in a revolution to overthrow organized govt
- arrested and convicted of violating NY law that made it a crime to advocate overthrow of govt by force
- NY law violated freedom of speech
9
Q
SC’s decision in Gitlow
A
-uphold Gitlow’s conviction
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