UNIT 2 part 3 Flashcards
Proteins are made up of…?
Amino Acids
All amino acids have the same structure , being…? (4 components)
- Central carbon w/ a hydrogen
- An amino group and an acid group
- Side group
- 20 different amino acids
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What are nonessential amino acids?
Body can synthesize these amino acids for themselves
What are essential amino acids?
The body cannot make these / in sufficient amounts
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
What are conditionally essential amino acids?
An amino acid that is normally no essential, but becomes essential in certain circumstances
Amino acids are linked by _____ bonds
Peptide
How many amino acids is a dipeptide?
Two
How many amino acids is a tripeptide?
Three
What is a multiple amino acid (more than 20) form called
Polypeptide
Most proteins are a ____ ____ to _____ ____ amino acids long
Few dozen ; Several Hundred
What’s a primary structure?
A simple amino acid structure, amino acid sequence is specific for each different protein in the body
What’s a secondary structure?
Polypeptide shaping, chemical bonds between amino acids cause folds and twists to make different structures
What are the two different structures that folds and twists make?
- Alpha Helix
- Beta Pleated Sheets
What are tertiary structures?
Polypeptide tangles, protein twists, and fold it complex shapes. They make the protein functional in the body and capable of performing tasks
What is a Quarternary Structure?
Multiple polypeptide interactions, interactions with two or more. This is the functional structure of proteins in the body
What is protein denaturation?
When proteins are subject to heat, acid, or other conditions that disturb their stability they undergo denaturation, which means 4, 3 and 2 structure are disrupted or destroyed
The transformation of the information in the DNA into the appropriate sequence of amino acids requires two steps:
Transcription : Copying
Translation : Reading the copy
What’s the 4 components of the sequence of protein synthesis?
DNA -> transcription -> mRNA -> Translation
What are sequence errors?
Errors in the amino acid sequence can cause alteration in the protein structure causing it to change shape or not function at all
What is a gene expression?
When a gene is made into a protein
What is the role of structural proteins?
Building blocks of muscle, blood, skin, cells
What is collagen?
Major protein that makes up many of our structural proteins
What’s a catabolic reaction?
Breaks down substances
What is an anabolic reaction?
build up substances
What is a protein turnover?
When proteins are constantly broken down and built up
Protein is needed in diet for ? (2 components)
- Essential amino acids
- Nitrogen
What percentages are we supposed to consume of these?
1. Seafood
2. Meat/Poultry/Eggs
3. Nuts/Seeds/Legumes
- 20%
- 70%
- 10%
How many grams of each of these do we need / have of protein
1. Milk
2. Fruits
3. Vegetables
4. Grains
- 8g / cup
- No protein
- 2-3 g / cup
- 2-3g / oz
