Ch.3 Quiz Flashcards
Digestion…?
- Breaks down foods into nutrients.
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (1)
- Breathing, Eating, Drinking
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (2)
- Passing through the diaphragm
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (3)
- Steady Movement
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (4)
- Lubricating food
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (5)
Digesting enzyme functions - foods must be broke. down for enzymes to work -
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (6)
- Excretes of waste
What is the order of digestion? - There are 7 steps -
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
The lumen is…?
- The inner space of the intestines.
The mass of chewed food is called..?
- The bolus
Process of digestion begins in…?
- In the mouth
What are the 5 basic taste sensations detected by taste buds?
- Sweet
- Sour
- Bitter
- Salty
- Umami (Savory)
Swallowed food passes through the…?
Pharynx
Epiglottis…?
Closes off the airway when food is swallowed
What are the 3 parts that the pharynx consists of?
- Nasopharnyx
- Oropharnyx
- Laryngopharnyx
What do the upper and lower esophageal sphincters do?
- They are muscles that control movement throughout the esophagus
Bolus moves…?
Into the stomach
What’s a chyme?
- Semiliquid mass created by the churned mixture of food and stomach acids in the stomach
The small intestine consist of three segments…
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ilium
In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with secretions from: 1
- Common bile duct (It will secrete fluids from liver & gallbladder into the duodenum to further digestion)
In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with secretions from: 2
- Pancreatic duct (Contains bicarbonate and digestive enzymes made in the pancreas)
Chyme will continue through…?
The jejunum and ileum
The large intestine contains…
- The Ileocecal valve
- The colon is the site of water absorption, leaving a semi-solid waste
- Rectum and anus
What is the GI motility?
- It keeps things moving down the alimentary canal at the right pace, smooth muscles propel food down the alimentary canal
The two layers of muscles coordinate to products two actions:
- Segmentation
- Peristalsis
Segmentation is…?
- Inner circular muscles that contract in the small intestine
Peristalsis is…?
- Outer longitudinal muscles that push chyme forward
What are the 3 stomach muscles?
- Circular
- Longitudinal
- Diagonal/Oblique
What is correct about the actions of the stomach?
- Stomach contents are mixed using three kinds of muscles.
Secretions…?
- Enter the GI tract at various points along the alimentary canal
What does the mouth contain and digest?
Contains : Salivary Amalyse
Digests : Carbohydrates
What does the stomach contain and digest? (2 different ones)
Contain : Gastric Protease (PEPSIN)
Digests : Proteins
Contain: Gastric Lipase
Digests : Fats
What does the small intestine contain and digest? (3 different ones)
Contains : Pancreatic Amylase
Digests : Carbohydrates
Contains : Pancreatic Lipase
Digests : Fats
Contains : Pancreatic Enzymes
Digests : Proteins
What does the large intestine contain and digest?
Contains : No human enzymes, but bacteria will
Digest: Fiber (Carbohydrates)
What is bile?
- Produced by liver
- Stored in gallbladder and released into duodenum
- Not an enzyme , it is an emulsifier
What are the absorption techniques of the small intestine?
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport
What is Villi?
- Fold of the intestine to increase surface area
What is Microvilli?
- Catches nutrients
Brush border cells that make enzymes to digest certain nutrients
What are crypts?
- Secretion of intestinal juices
What is goblet cells?
- Mucus secretion
What are specialized cells ?
- Cells of the intestinal tract are specialized to absorb different nutrients at different intervals
When a nutrient is absorbed into the cell of a villus, it…?
- Enters either the bloodstream or the lymphatic system
What does the liver do?
- It is the first to receive nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
- Prepates Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Nutrients
- Most metabolically active organ
- Liver detoxifies substances
What is the GI Microbiota?
- Microbes that consist of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa
What are 2 factors that influence the GI bacteria?
- Prebiotics- Encourage microbial growth
- Probiotics- Live microbes
The ability of the digestive tract to handle its ever changing contents illustrates an important physiology principle that governs the way all living things function…
Homeostasis!
GI hormones include…? (3 Different ones)
- Gastrin
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Gastrin…?
- Hormone released when food is in stomach
Secretin…?
- Hormone released when chyme enters SI
CCK…?
- Hormone released in response to fat in SI
Some common digestive problems are..? (9 Different answers)
- Choking
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- IBS/ Colitis / Celiac Disease
- Constipation
- Hemorrhoids
- Reflux
- Esophageal Damage
- Ulcers
Vomiting is…?
- Adaptive body mechanism that can often result in dehydration
Diarrhea is…?
- Frequent watery stools. Intestinal contents move too quickly to allow water resorption
Bacteria…?
- Ferment some fibers
Fiber…?
- Retains water
Undigested residues..?
- Exercise intestinal muscles
The colon…?
- Absorbs water and recycles dissolved salts
Is constipation a disease?
No.
What is the best explanation for the cause of intestinal gas?
- Bacterial fermentation of fiber and starch in the large intestine
