Ch.1 Quiz Flashcards
What is the definition of Diet?
Refers to the food and beverages one consumes.
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Minerals, Water, Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Vitamins
What are nutrients ?
The ongoing growth, maintenance, and repair of the body depends on the energy and nutrients obtained from food.
Water is-
- H2O
- Inorganic
- Does not yield energy ATP
Minerals are-
- Simplest Nutrient
- Inorganic
- Do not yield energy (ATP)
Vitamins are-
- Organic
2. Do not yield energy (ATP)
Carbs are-
- Organic
2. Do yield energy (ATP)
Proteins are-
- Organic
2. Do yield energy (ATP)
Lipids are-
- Organic
2. Do yield energy (ATP)
What is an essential nutrient?
Nutrients that must be supplied by food because the body cannot make them or cannot make them in sufficient quantities.
What’s a macronutrient?
Nutrients needed in relatively large amounts.
What’s a micronutrient?
Nutrients required in small amounts (vitamins and minerals)
Body composition of men consists of-
Carbs, protein, vitamins, minerals (19-22%)
Fat (18-21%)
Water (60%)
Body composition of women consist of-
Carbs, protein, vitamins, minerals (14-17%)
Fat - (23-26%)
Water (60%)
What is energy measured in and in how much?
Measured in calories , but converted into Kilocalories (kcal) to avoid large numbers.
1,000 calories (little c) = 1 Calorie (kcal) - (big C)
The amount of energy a food provides depends on how much of what it contains?
- Carbs
- Fat
- Proteins
What do carbs, fats, and proteins yield?
- Carbs (4 kcal/gram)
- Fats (9kcal/gram)
- Proteins (4kcal/gram)
Fats have a higher what?
Energy density because it provides more energy per gram.
Foods with a higher energy density contribute to?
Weight gain
Foods with a lower energy density contribute to?
weight loss
Alcohol…
Contributes energy, 7kcal/grams
- NOT a nutrient
To extract energy from nutrients that were broken down during digestion, the body breaks the bonds between the atoms and the nutrients to release energy is…?
Metabolism
if more energies consume then expanded, then the result is…
Weight gain
if more energy is expended then consume then the result is…
Weight loss
To calculate grams to kcal you must
Add number of carbs/fats/protein, multiple it by how much it takes per gram, and add it all
Minerals…
there are 16 minerals that are essential to the human body. Other minerals are environmental contaminants and conditioner a body function, an example lead. Minerals are inorganic and therefore indestructible.
an anecdotal evidence is…
and attempts to better the health consumer sometimes depend on other personal experience of social media posts to gather nutritional information.
The order of the scientific method is…
observation and question, hypothesis and prediction, experiment, result and interpretation, it could either be hypothesis supported or hypothetic not supported, then it leads to theory and new observations and questions.
Controls…
subjects in steady divided into experimental and control group
sample size
groups must be large to avoid chance variations causing big swings and results
placebos
given to avoid bias subjects are blind to whether they are in the experiment group or not
double blind experiments
both researcher and subject do not know if they are in an experimental or control group
The parts of a typical research article are…
abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, references
Discussion is-
draw tentative conclusions and links back to the purpose of steady
Introduction is
States the purpose and comprehensive summary of relevant information
Results
Report of findings and includes tables figures and findings
Abstract
brief overview
methodology
describe study design subjects and procedures
references
extensive list of relevant studies
What is the estimated average requirements ? EAR
The average daily amount of nutrients efficient for half of the population
What is the recommended daily allowance? RDA
The average amount of nutrients efficient for almost the entire population, about 98%.
What is the adequate intakes? AI
The average amount of a nutrient that healthy people intake used when there is an insufficient evan to determine an EAR
What is a tolerable upper intake levels UI
The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people
Anthropometric Measures …
Heighten weight, measure and are compared with standard specific for gender or age or previous measurements of the same individual.
Primary deficiency is?
The first event when the body has two little iron due to a deficiency from the diet (You’re not eating it at all)
What is secondary deficiency?
when the body is eating enough iron, but is not absorbing it excreading it or using it
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)
carbohydrates equals 45 to 65%
Fats equals 20 to 35%
Protein equals 10 to 35%
- When one component of a diet increases or decreases other component shift as well
