UNIT #2 part 2 Flashcards
What do lipids consist of…? (3 Components)
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sterols
Lipids are insoluble in ____?
Water
Triglycerides are made of ( 2 components)
- Glycerol molecule
- 3 Fatty acids
Fatty acids may be ___ to ___ carbons long. ___ Carbon chains are the most common in nutritious foods
4;24;18
Is monounsaturated
A. a double bond
B. More than one
A. A double bond
Is polyunsaturated
A. One double bone
B. More than one
What’s the difference between a saturated fatty acid chain and an unsaturated fatty acid chain?
A saturated fatty acid chain is straight while an unsaturated has a double bond in between
What are 2 examples of monounsaturated things?
- Canola oil
- Olive oil
What are some examples of polyunsaturated things?
- omega 3&6’s
- Sunflowers
- Corn
- Walnuts
What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids?
Cis have bonds that are the same next to each other, while trans can flip inside out
Omega 3 is a ___acid, has ___carbon
Linolenic; 18
Omega 6 is a ____ acid, has ____ carbon
Linoleic; 18
What is the difference between a essential and nonessential fatty acids?
Essential MUST come from the diet and nonessential are made by the body
Named for the double bond closest to the ____ end
Methyl
What are triglycerides?
Forms of fat in the diet and the major storage form of fat in the body
What’s a phospholipid ?
A similar to a triglyceride, but instead of three fatty acids on a glycerol backbone, it has 2 and a phosphate
Phospholipids are used as emulsifiers in foods and are found in…?
Eggs, Liver, soybeans, peanuts
Foods from plants and animal contain ____, but only those from animals contain significant amounts of ____?
Sterols; Cholesterol
What 3 things are cholesterols used to make?
- Bile
- Sex hormones
- Vitamin D
Where is endogenous cholesterol made?
In the body
Where is exogenous cholesterol made?
Outside of the body
Cholesterol is made in _____ and will plaque the arteries, leading to ____?
Liver; Atherosclerosis
What is the DV per day?
300 mg
once, in the small intestine, the hormone CCK is released which signals the gallbladder to release _____ and the pancreas to release ____?
Stores of bile; Pancreatic lipase
Once bile is finished with emulsifying the fat, it can….? ( 2 components)
- Be reabsorbed in the small intestine and recycled
- Trapped in the fiber and excreted
These triglycerides are then packaged inside a ball of phospholipids and proteins called a _____?
Chylomicron
Least to most sense of Chylomicrons / Lipoproteins ( 4 Components )
- Chylomicrons
- VLDL
- LDL
- HDL
High HDL & Low LDL means…?
Increased heart disease risk
Low LDL & High HDL means…?
Decreased heart disease risk
Fats provide more than ____ the kcal of carbs or proteins
____ fat be ____ protein and carbs
twice; 9; 4
Fats in the diet should make up ____ of daily energy (Kcal)
20-35%
Less than ____ should come from saturated fat
10%
Fats contain fat soluble vitamins __, __, __, and __
A, D, E, K
Fats in meats and poultry are considered ____ fat (Saturated)
Solid
Fats in nuts, seafood, and seeds are considered ___ (unsaturated fats)
Oils
Do vegetables and fruits have fat?
No
Do grains have fat?
Small amounts
