Unit 2- Origins of Crime (1.1)

Question 1

What are Norms

Answer 1

Norms are specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behaviour in particular situations

Question 2

What are Values

Answer 2

Values are general principles for how we should live our lives. tell us right and wrong

Question 3

What are Mores

Answer 3

Mores are the customs, norms, and behaviors that are acceptable to a society or social group.

Question 4

What is Deviance

Answer 4

Any behaviour that differs from the norm, either unusual, uncommon or out of the ordinary. Incldes:
Behaviour that is unusual and good, such as risking your own life to save some

Behaviour that is unusual and bizzae, such as owning many many cats

Behaviour that is unusual and bad/disapproved of, such as attacking someone

Question 5

Explain Sanctions against Deviance

Answer 5

Formal Sanctions- imposed by officail bodies such as schools, work, courts, police. Punishment for breaking formally written rules. E.g court fines, exluded at school.
Informal Sanctiuons- not formally written down, can also be unspoken. Disapproval shown in ways such as refusing to speak, scolding, etc.
Positive Sanctions- Rewarding behaviours that society approves of. Such as praise or a medal.
Social Control- All sanctions are forms of social control to make society control our behaviour to conform to the norms and values expected.

Question 6

Explain the Legal Definition of Crime

Answer 6

Actus Reus- Guilty Act
Mens Rea- Guilty Mind
The defendant must have done something the law fordbids, and must be done with bad intentions.
Strict Liability- An exception of mens Rea. A wrongful act on its own is enough to convict, even if they didnt intend. Example would be health and safety laws.
Self-defence- Deliberate intention to harm is a criminal act. But if done in self-defence, not a crime as long as the force was reasonable.

Question 7

Types of Sanctions: Custodial

Answer 7

For serious sentances, Imprisonment or detention in youth offender’s institutions. Can vary for a few days to life. Prisoners facing life can apply for parole after 15 years, but this can be increased if the offence is serious enough.
Courts can also impose an indeterminate sentance, parole board decides if and when prisoner is fit to be released.

Question 7

What are the two types of offences in UK law

Answer 7

Sumary Offences- Less serious offences such asspeeding, tried at magistrates courts.
Indictable Offences- More serious offences, such as murder, tried in crown court, judge + jury. More severe sentances.

Question 8

Types of Sanctions: Community

Answer 8

Probation orders, attendance to courses, mandadory drug tratment, community payback, fines and discharge

Question 9

Types of Sanctions: Police

Answer 9

Police can sanction offenders without going to court. Such as cautions, for low level first time offences, e.g graffiti.
Conditional cautions, have to s\tick to certain rules such as gong to treatment for drug abuse.
Penalty notices, issued for minor crimes, wont get conviction if pay penalty.

Question 10

Explain the difference between devience and crime question

Answer 10

Definition; Devience
Example 1
Example 2
Definition: Crime
Example 1
Example 2
Can also explain sanctions in these questions.