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Anatomy and Physiology > UNIT 2 - Membrane transport > Flashcards

UNIT 2 - Membrane transport Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cell membrane composed of?

A

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded steroids (lipids), carbs and proteins

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2
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

surrounds the cells of all living things and separates the cell interior from the outside environment

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3
Q

what does the cell membrane regulate?

A

the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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4
Q

what is the fluid mosaic model?

A

describes the parts and structure that make up a cell membrane

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5
Q

what influences membrane fluidity?

A

temperature of the bilayer and embedded steroids

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6
Q

what increases membrane fluidity?

A

shorter fatty acid tails, and unsaturated fatty acid tails

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7
Q

what does the polar head region of phospholipids contain?

A

glycerol and phosphate

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8
Q

what does the non-polar tail of phospholipids contain?

A

2 fatty acid chains

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9
Q

what part of phospholipids is hydrophilic?

A

the polar head region

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10
Q

what part of phospholipids is hydrophobic?

A

the non-polar tails

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11
Q

what do phospholipids allow go through the membrane?

A

small non-polar molecules

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12
Q

what are proteins position in the cell?

A

floating freely in the bilayer or held in position by cytoskeleton

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13
Q

what are integral proteins?

A

they span the bilayer and contain both hydrophobic/philic portions (R-groups)

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14
Q

what are peripheral proteins?

A

they are attached to the surface of the membrane

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15
Q

what do channel proteins do?

A

they allow movement of polar molecules or charged particles across the cell

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16
Q

where do channel proteins move from?

A

they move from high concentration - low concentration

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17
Q

what is aquaporin?

A

a special channel protein for the movement of water

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18
Q

what are carrier proteins?

A

they interact with specific molecules or ions so they can cross the membrane

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19
Q

what does transport for carrier proteins require?

A

requires energy (ATP)

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20
Q

what do cell recognition proteins do?

A

they allow for cell to cell identification and prevent immune cells from targeting our body

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21
Q

what is glycoprotein?

A

attached carbohydrate chain

22
Q

what are receptor proteins structure?

A

they have a specific shape that will allow certain molecules to bind to the cell

23
Q

where are enzymatic proteins located?

A

they are in the membrane of the mitochondria

24
Q

what do enzymatic proteins do?

A

speed up a specific metabolic reaction and are responsible for the synthesis of ATP

25
Q

what are glycoproteins?

A

carb chain attached to an integral protein

26
Q

what are glycolipids?

A

carb chain attached to a hydrophilic head of a phospholipid

27
Q

where do attached carbohydrate chains always occur?

A

on the extracellular side of the membrane

28
Q

what do glycolipids play a key role in?

A

cell-cell recognition and immune response

29
Q

what part do lipids play in the membrane of animal cells?

A

fluidity and permeability of the membrane

30
Q

all particles that enter or leave the cell must cross the _____?

A

cell membrane

31
Q

what is passive transport?

A

movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient

32
Q

what is diffusion?

A

transport of small uncharged molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

33
Q

concentration affect on rate of diffusion?

A

the greater the difference in concentration the faster the diffusion will proceed

34
Q

molecule size affect on rate of diffusion?

A

smaller substances diffuse quickly

35
Q

temperature affect on rate of diffusion?

A

higher temps. increase the rate of diffusion

36
Q

solubility affect on the rate of diffusion?

A

soluble molecules diffuse easily

37
Q

charge affect on the rate of diffusion?

A

charged or polar molecules do not pass through the membrane easily

38
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to low concentration

39
Q

what happens in osmosis when solutes cannot pass easily across a membrane?

A

water moves instead to achieve equilibrium

40
Q

what is tonicity?

A

describes the solute concentration outside the cell compared to the concentration of the same solute inside the cell

41
Q

what is isotonic?

A

solute concentration is equal on both sides off membrane- cell stays the same size

42
Q

what is hypertonic?

A

solution outside cell is more concentrated than inside- causes cell to shrink/shrivel

43
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

solution outside the cell is less concentrated than inside- causes cell to swell

44
Q

what is facilitated transport?

A

when some molecules cannot pass through membrane, integral carrier or channel proteins are used to transport stuff in/out of cell

45
Q

what is active transport?

A

carrier proteins or vesicle formation in cell membrane use ATP to move molecules against concentration gradient:
[low]—>[high]

46
Q

what is sodium potassium pump?

A

helps maintain osmotic equilibrium and membrane potential in cell

47
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

cell absorb outside material by engulfing it with cell membrane

48
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

(cell eating) - large particles

49
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

(cell drinking) - small particles, solutions

50
Q

what is receptor mediated?

A

proteins receive molecules and organize vesicle formation

51
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

vesicle fuses with membrane and spills contents to the outside?

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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