UNIT 1 - carbs and organic molecules

Question 1

what are polymers?

Answer 1

are composed of chains of repeating units

Question 2

what are monomers?

Answer 2

repeating units in polymers

Question 3

what are large polymers called?

Answer 3

macromolecules

Question 4

what is the process of forming polymers called?

Answer 4

polymerization

Question 5

how does dehydration synthesis form?

Answer 5

form by covalently bonding monomers by removing water

Question 6

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 6

polymers may be broken apart by the addition of water

Question 7

what are organic molecules?

Answer 7

all living things are primarily made of chemical compounds made of carbon

Question 8

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 8

hydrated carbons

Question 9

what are simple sugars?

Answer 9

are complex chains such as starch and cellulose

Question 10

carbohydrates functions?

Answer 10

provide energy to cells, short term energy storage in animals, long term storage of energy in plants

Question 11

what is a single sugar monomer called?

Answer 11

monosaccharide

Question 12

what are two sugar monomers called?

Answer 12

disaccharide

Question 13

what is a long chain of sugars called?

Answer 13

polysaccharide

Question 14

starch function in plants?

Answer 14

stores glucose in plants

Question 15

what is starch structures?

Answer 15

long glucose chains with a few or no side chains

Question 16

what happens to starch when digested by animals?

Answer 16

starch is easily broken down into simple sugars by digestive enzymes in animals

Question 17

what is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 17

long chains of glucose with many branching side chains

Question 18

where is glycogen stored

Answer 18

muscles and the liver

Question 19

what is the purpose of glycogen?

Answer 19

short term energy storage in animals

Question 20

what is the purpose of cellulose?

Answer 20

used for structural support in plant cell walls

Question 21

what polysaccharide can mammals not break down?

Answer 21

cellulose

Question 22

what is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 22

long chains of glucose with no side chains

Question 23

how are fatty acids bound to glycerol?

Answer 23

by dehydration synthesis

Question 24

what are lipids?

Answer 24

large non-polar molecules that can’t be dissolved in water

Question 25

what is the purpose of lipids?

Answer 25

used for long term energy storage (more efficient than carbs)

Question 26

what is the structure of fatty acids?

Answer 26

are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid end

Question 27

what is the structure of triglycerides?

Answer 27

3 fatty acids bound to glycerol

Question 28

what is the function of triglycerides fats?

Answer 28

insulation, cushions organs

Question 29

what is the function of triglycerides oils?

Answer 29

long term energy storage

Question 30

what are triglycerides oils?

Answer 30

plant based liquids ex: olive oil, corn oil

Question 31

what are triglycerides fats?

Answer 31

animal based soils ex: butter, lard

Question 32

what is the structure of phospholipids?

Answer 32

2 fatty acid chains attached to a polar phosphate "head"

Question 33

hydrophilic definition

Answer 33

attracts water

Question 34

hydrophobic

Answer 34

repels water

Question 35

what is the structure of steoriods?

Answer 35

4 fused carbon rings with function groups attached

Question 36

functions of steroids?

Answer 36

signalling hormones, and cell membrane fluidity

Question 37

what is emulsification?

Answer 37

mixes fats and oil with water

Question 38

what are amino acids?

Answer 38

protein polymer formed from amino acid monomers

Question 39

what is denaturation?

Answer 39

the process that disrupts the shape of proteins and causes a loss in function

Question 40

what causes denaturation?

Answer 40

caused by change in temp or pH, presence of heavy metals or other chemicals

Question 41

what is the structure of DNA

Answer 41

nucleotides bonded to form a double stranded helix

Question 42

what are purines

Answer 42

double ring structure

Question 43

what are pyrimidines

Answer 43

single ring structures

Question 44

what is the function of DNA

Answer 44

directs and controls cellular activities via protein synthesis

Question 45

what is the function of mRNA

Answer 45

messenger RNA copies DNA strand and carries the instructions for protein synthesis to ribosomes

Question 46

what is the function of rRNA

Answer 46

directs the steps for protein synthesis

Question 47

what is the function of tRNA?

Answer 47

the transfer of RNA carries amino acid to the ribosome to get assembled