UNIT 1 - Acids, Bases, and buffers Flashcards
what is an atom?
is the smallest part of matter that displays properties of an element
what’s an ion?
they are atoms that have gained/lost electrons, and have a positive or negative charge
what’s an isotope?
is an atom with a different number of neutrons (a different atomic mass)
what is an ionic bond?
the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal
what are covalent bonds?
they share electrons between non-metal atoms, can be double, single, or triple bonds.
what are hydrogen bonds?
they are intermolecular bonds (between molecules), individual H-bonds are weak and easily broken
what are inorganic compounds?
they are often ionic compounds, and are electrically bonded between metal and non-metal
what is salt?
salt is a solid ionic compound that is composed of metal cations and non-metal anions
what are the functions of salt?
some of the functions of salt is: blood pressure, nerve function, and contraction of muscle fibres
what are acids?
they are chemical substances containing hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salt.
what happens when bases dissociate?
they release OH- ions which removes H+ ions
what are bases?
they are substances that can neutralize an acid by reacting with hydrogen ions
what is pH?
a measurement used to express the acidity of a solution
what is a neutral pH?
neutral pH = 7
how does pH measure acidity and bases on the number scale?
ranges from 0 (strong acid), to 14 (strong base)
