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Geography Yr11 > Unit 2 - Human > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Human Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Natural Increase?

A

Birth Rate - Death Rate

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2
Q

Give 4 factors that cause an increase in Birth Rate?

A

Children needed for work
Children can look after parents in old age
Some religions ban use of contraception
High infant mortality means more babies born, more may survive

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3
Q

Give 4 factors that cause Death Rate to decrease?

A

Improvements in Health Care
Better access to Health Care
Clean water supply
Better sanitation

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4
Q

Give 3 uses of GIS?

A

Generating computerised maps for emergency services
Plotting flood risk maps
Planning administrative boundaries for councils

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5
Q

Give 4 benefits of GIS?

A

Lots of information can be shown
Easier to understand and see patterns
More people can access it through smartphones
Public services use GIS to improve their service

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6
Q

Give 4 negatives of GIS?

A

Some systems require expensive software
Some software is complicated and may require training
If too many layers are added to a map it may be confusing
Some skills are required to interpret geographical context in maps

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7
Q

What 3 factors affect Population growth and change?

A

Birth rate
Death rate
Migration

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8
Q

When looking at a population pyramid, what do you analyse?

A

Top, sides and bottom

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9
Q

What is the term used for the age group that does not work and earn money?

A

Aged - dependent and youth - dependent

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10
Q

How to calculate Dependency Ratio?

A 
Youth Dependent (0-14) + Aged Dependent (65+)
---------------------------------------------------------  X 100
                 Working Population (15-64)
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11
Q

What 4 push and pull factors may affect Migration?

A

Economic
Social
Political
Environmental

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12
Q

What is the site of a settlement?

A

The actual place a settlement is built

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13
Q

What is the Location/Situation of a settlement?

A

Where it is located in relation to surrounding features such as other settlements, mountains, rivers

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14
Q

Name the 3 main type of settlement sites?

A

Wet point site
Defensive site
Bridging point

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15
Q

What is a wet point site?

A

A site where the settlement is right next to a water source

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16
Q

What is a defensive site?

A

Sites where the settlement is built on the top of a hill, or the inside of a meander. A site which is easily defended

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17
Q

What is a bridging point site?

A

Sites where a settlement is built on a place where it is easy to cross a river

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18
Q

What is a settlement hierarchy?

A

When settlements are placed in order of importance

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19
Q

Give the settlement hierarchy?

A

Hamlet –> Village –> Small Town –> Large Town –> City –> Capital City or Conurbation

20
Q

As you go higher up the settlement hierarchy, how is population affected?

A

It increases

21
Q

What are Low Order goods and services?

A

Goods and services which we usually buy or use everyday

22
Q

What are middle order goods and services?

A

We generally buy on a monthly basis

23
Q

What are high order goods and services?

A

Goods and services which we buy and use very rarely

24
Q

As you go up the settlement hierarchy how is the order of goods and services affected?

A

Services and goods become higher order, although low order services still remain in the settlement

25
Q

What is the range of a product or service?

A

The maximum distance people travel to buy or use it. Low order goods have low range, high order have high range

26
Q

What is the threshold of a product or service?

A

The number of customers needed to make an enterprise profitable

27
Q

Give 3 other factors which may have an impact on the sphere of influence of a settlement?

A

Function of a settlement
Accessibility
Level of competition of rival settlements

28
Q

What is the Burgess Model?

A

A model which illustrates Land Use Zones in Settlements and their locations

29
Q

Where is the Central Business District? What land use zones come after it?

A

It is in the very centre of the city, and is surrounded by a:

  • Inner City
  • Suburban Residential
  • Industrial Zones
  • Rural - Urban Fringe
30
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Central Business District?

A 
High Concentration of shops
High land value 
Little residential
Nodal point for transport routes
High concentration
31
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Inner City Land use zones?

A 
Urban Decay and Dereliction
High crime rate and unemployment
Multiple occupancy homes
Some areas dominated by Student Accomodation
High population density
32
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Suburban land use zones?

A 
Inner Suburbs have Inter War Housing
Outer Suburbs have Post War Housing
Detached single family homes
Low population density 
Some areas have some services and light industry
33
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Industrial land use zones?

A 
Old industries located in inner city
Associate with transport links eg. Railways
Old buildings
Surrounded by old housing
Modern Industry built in outskirts
34
Q

Give 5 characteristics of Rural - Urban Fringe land use zones?

A

Recycling and park and ride facilities are provided
Airports and large hospitals located in these areas too
Largely open countryside
Badly maintained hedgerows and woodland
Most inhabitants commute in to city for work

35
Q

What is a resource?

A

Anything that we use and rely on can be called a resource

36
Q

What is a natural resource?

A

A substance that can be obtained from the environment

37
Q

What is a human resource?

A

Skills and abilities of people

38
Q

What are non renewable resources?

A

Resources that can only be used once

39
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Resources that can be used over and over again

40
Q

What 2 things cause a higher demand for resources?

A

Rapid population growth

Increased consumption

41
Q

Give 3 ways in which waste has become a major issue for the UK?

A
  • Shortage of landfill sites, lots are already full, people don’t want more
  • Environmental and health concerns, people worry about chemicals and toxic gas from waste
  • Government targets, EU will fine the UK if they don’t have less than a 1/3 of their waste in landfill
42
Q

Describe the waste hierarchy?

A

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Dispose

Goes from most sustainable at the top to least sustainable at the bottom

43
Q

Give 4 ways tourism has increased since the 1960s?

A
  • Increased leisure time
  • Increased disposable income
  • Cheaper Travel
  • Increased health and wealth of pensioners
44
Q

Give 1 positive and 1 negative of tourism on the economy?

A

Positive: Jobs created in hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops, etc.

Negative: Money earned from tourism often lost to local economy, because tourism may use migrant workers, who will send their wages home

45
Q

Give 1 positive and 1 negative of tourism on the environment?

A

Positive: Local councils often take better care of historic buildings and scenic countryside

Negative: Wildlife and ecosystems can be endangered by the litter, sewage and other pollution created by tourists

46
Q

Give 1 positive and 1 negative of tourism on the culture?

A

Positive: Visitors and local people get the chance to learn each others culture

Negative: Local young people can become involved with crime associated with tourism resorts

Geography Yr11 (9 decks)

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