Unit 1 - Theme C Flashcards
Give 2 sedimentary rocks?
Limestone
Sandstone
Give 2 metamorphic rocks?
Slate
Marble
How is Basalt formed?
Formed when magma gets above ground and cools quickly, forming tiny crystals
How is Granite formed?
When magma stays underground and cools very slowly, large crystals are formed
Is Granite intrusive or extrusive rock?
Intrusive
Is Basalt extrusive or intrusive rock?
Extrusive
How is sedimentary rock formed?
When layers of small particles of rock/Dead Sea creatures are squeezed together under the sea to form rock
How is Metamorphic rock formed?
These are formed from other rocks undergoing either heat or pressure.
How is marble formed?
When limestone is put under immense pressure
How is slate formed?
When mudstone goes under incredible heat
Give 2 characteristics of Basalt?
Dark grey / black
Glittery
Give 2 characteristics of Granite?
Speckled grey/ white
Very hard
Give 2 characteristics of limestone?
White / yellow
May have fossils
Give 2 characteristics of sandstone?
Yellow / orange
Grains of sand visible
Give 2 characteristics of slate?
Dark grey
Smooth
Give 2 characteristics of marble?
White
Can be highly polished for floors
What 3 landforms can be formed at constructive plate margins?
- Volcanoes
- Mid Oceanic Ridge
- Rift Valleys
What 3 landforms can be formed at Collision plate boundaries?
- Fold mountains
- Batholiths
- Granite Cores
What 3 landforms can be formed at destructive margins?
- ocean trenches
- volcanoes
- fold mountains
Give an example of Basalt Columns in Ireland?
Giants Causeway
Give an example of a lava plateau in Ireland?
Antrim plateau
Give an example of a volcanic plug in Ireland?
Slemish mountain
How did the basaltic columns in Giants Causeway form?
Lava erupted out of large fissures and filled a deep valley. This caused it to cool very slowly and evenly. As it cooled, it contracted to create an even cracking pattern which resulted in the almost perfect hexagonal shapes
How did the lava plateau in Antrim form?
Lava erupted out of long fissures and covered around 3900km2 in NE of Northern Ireland. This cooled and condensed very quickly and formed a plateau of basalt
How did the volcanic plug in Slemish mountain form?
Magma hardens inside the vent of a volcano. It forms dolerite which is harder than the surrounding flanks of the volcano, so over time the plug is exposed through erosion
Give 2 igneous rocks?
Basalt
Granite
What is Liquefaction and how does it occur?
Liquefaction is when water rises to the surface, turning solid soil in to liquid mud. This occurs due to an earthquake shaking wet soil
What is a tsunami and how does it occur?
A large wave of seawater that can be extraordinarily tall and travel for thousands of miles. They are normally caused by underwater earthquakes
