Case Studies - Unit 1 - Theme A Flashcards

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1
Q

River Derwent 1999

Give 3 Physical Causes of the flood?

A
Heavy Rainfall ( 28 Feb - 11 March 250mm) 
Lack of Infiltration ( Ground already saturated from previous rainfall)
Time of Year ( Snow Melt added to discharge from region )
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2
Q

River Derwent 1999

Give 2 Human Causes?

A
  • Peat Removal ( Soil storage capacity lowered )

- New Building ( Areas of floodplain urbanised eg. Malton, Reduces Infiltration and increases surface run off

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3
Q

River Derwent 1999

Give a generic positive and negative of flooding on people?

A

Positive: Provides sediment eg. Alluvium naturally fertilises soil
Negative: People and animals can become homeless or drown

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4
Q

River Derwent 1999

Give a generic positive and negative of flooding on the environment?

A

Positive: Flood can bring relief from drought
Negative: Flooding can wash chemicals in to local rivers and pollute them

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5
Q

River Mississippi

Give 3 introduction facts?

A
  • 4th longest river in the world
  • Provides 18 million Americans with water
  • 2001 flood cost $13 million damage; 4400 people displaced
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6
Q

River Mississippi

Give 2 hard engineering management strategies?

A
  • Levees raised to 15m high for 3000km

- Over 100 dams built on tributaries

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7
Q

River Mississippi

Give 2 evaluative points on Levees?

A
  • Protects area they are built but sends problem downstream

- Some areas like New Orleans lie 4.3m below river level

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8
Q

River Mississippi

Give an evaluative point on dams?

A

Prevents silt from reaching delta, causing it to severely erode away. Herron now endangered in that area

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9
Q

River Mississippi

Give 2 soft engineering strategies?

A
  • Afforestation in Tennessee Valley

- Safe flooding zones eg. Rock Island, Illinois

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10
Q

River Mississippi

Give 2 evaluative points on afforestation?

A
  • Increased interception reduces surface run off

- Roots of trees reduce soil erosion

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11
Q

River Mississippi

Give 2 evaluative points on safe flooding zones?

A
  • Cheaper to buy land off owners than to compensate them for flood damage
  • Wetland habitats can be preserved
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12
Q

Newcastle

Give 3 introduction facts?

A
  • Rail link from Belfast opened in 1869, made Newcastle very popular
  • 8km of beach
  • Population rises by 15,000 during Summer
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13
Q

Newcastle

Give 2 hard engineering strategies?

A
  • Groynes built in 1980’s

- Sea Wall built in 2002

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14
Q

Newcastle

Give 2 impacts of the Groynes and whether they are sustainable or not?

A

a) - Trapped sand which was moving due to Longshore Drift
- Yes, protected beach for a while
b) - Lasted 20 years before decaying
- No, didn’t last long, needed to be replaced, expensive

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15
Q

Newcastle

Give 2 impacts of the Sea wall and whether they were sustainable or not?

A

a) - Protects buildings for many years
- Yes, original wall allowed development of boarding houses/hotels
b) - New wall is curved so energy directed out to sea
- No, beach erosion increased, less tourists enjoy beach

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