Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANPH 1000 > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the papillae?

A

Interlock with the downward waves on the bottom of the epidermis to bind the two structures together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Layer of subcutaneous tissue under the skin made of loose connective areolar tissue and adipose tissue which functions to bind the skin to underlying tissue, act as an energy reservoir and insulate the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

When the skin has a blue tint as a result of oxygen deficiency in circulating blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is jaundice?

A

A yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes due to the accumulation of bile from impaired liver function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is bronzing?

A

A golden brown skin colour resulting from a deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is erythema?

A

An abnormal redness resulting from increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is pallor?

A

Pale skin resulting from decreased blood flow, fear, emotional stress, low BP, or blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Protection, acts as a barrier, vitamin d production, sensory perception, and thermoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the skin retain heat?

A

Constricting blood vessels, which reduces blood flow through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the skin lose heat?

A

Blood vessels dilate, causing an increase in blood flow and increases in heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the hair shaft?

A

The part of the hair which extends above the skins surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the hair follicle?

A

A sheath of epidermis with rich nerve and blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the papillae?

A

Nourishes the hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and apocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe eccrine glands

A

Contain a duct leading from a secretory portion to the skin’s surface. Produces sweat and helps the body maintain a constant core temperature and eliminate wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe apocrine glands

A

Contain a duct leading to a hair follicle, located in the axillary and anogenital regions, respond to stress and sexual stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Glands which open into a hair follicle and secrete sebum which prevents the hair from drying out and is antibacterial and antifungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Glands in the external ear canal which secrete cerumen, which functions to prevent the ear canal from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe some changes that occur with aging

A
  • Skin cell replacement slows
  • Number and output of sweat glands declines
  • Overall melanocyte production slows
  • Proliferation of melanocytes in localized areas
  • Pigment in hair decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the 4 classifications of bones

A

Flat, long, irregular, and short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe flat bones and where they are located

A

Thin, flat, often curved bones which protect organs and can be found in the skull, sternum, and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe long bones and where they’re found

A

Have a long axis, longer than they are wide, work like levers to move limbs, include those in the femur and humorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe irregular bones and where they’re found

A

Often clustered in groups, come in various sizes and shapes, include vertebrae and facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe short bones and where they are found

A

As broad as they are long, often shaped like cubes, include the carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the epiphysis in the long bone and its functions

A

The head of a long bone which strengthens the joint and allows an expanded area for the attachment of tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe articular cartilage

A

A thin layer hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis which eases the movement of the bone with a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe the medullary cavity in the long bone

A

The central hollow part which is filled with bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

A thin epithelial membrane in the medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the periosteum in the long bone

A

Contains bone-forming cells and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Bone cells which secrete substances that comprise the bone’s matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the function of osteoclasts

A

Dissolve unwanted or unhealthy bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Describe the function of osteocytes

A

Mature osteoblasts which are entrapped in the bone matrix and dissolve bone or deposit new bone, assist with the regulation of blood calcium and phosphate levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

Resistant to stretching forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Describe compressional strength

A

Resistant to squeezing forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Describe torsional strength

A

Ability to resist twisting. Bone lacks this ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What happens when bones experience an increase in load?

A

Osteocytes stimulate the creation of bones which makes them stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What factors affect bone growth and maintenance?

A

Heredity factors, nutrition, hormones, and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What nutrients are necessary for bone growth?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamins D, C, and A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone, spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Describe spongy bone

A

Light and porous, found in the ends of long bones and in the middle of most other bones, surrounded by more durable compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

In spongy bone, what is trabeculae?

A

A latticework of bone which offer maximum strength and can realign itself if the stress a bone is exposed to changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How does spongy bone receive blood

A

Red bone marrow in cavities between the trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Describe compact bone

A

Dense and solid, forms the shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of bones, heals quickly due to supply of oxygen and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

In compact bone, what are lamellae?

A

Layers of matrix which are arranged in concentric rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In compact bone, what is the haversion/oseonic canal?

A

A central canal which is surrounded by lamellae which blood vessels and nerves run through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the lacunae in the compact bone?

A

Tiny rings between the lings of lamellae which contain osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the canaliculi in the compact bone?

A

A microscopic passageway which connects the lamellae to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Describe the volkmanns canals in the compact bone

A

Connect the haversian canals which transport blood and nutrients from the bones exterior to the osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are articulations?

A

Flat or rounded areas which allow for joint formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are projections?

A

A bone surface marking which allows for muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are depressions or passages?

A

Bone surface markings which provide routes for blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Describe the different types of articulations

A

Condyle, facet, head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Describe a condyle

A

A condyle is a type of articulation which is a rounded knob. It fits into a fossa on another bone to form a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Describe a facet

A

A type of articulation which is a flat surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Describe what a head is in regards to the skeletal system

A

The prominent expanded end of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Describe the different types of projections

A

Crest, epicondyle, process, spine, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is a fova?

A

A furrow or depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Describe the different types of depressions

A

Fossa, fovea, sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is a fovea?

A

A small pit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A groove or elongated depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Describe the different types of passgaes

A

canal, fissure, foramen, meatus, sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is a canal?

A

A tunnel through a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is a fissure

A

A long slit for blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is a foramen

A

A round opening which acts as a passageway for vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is a meatus?

A

A tube like opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is a sinus?

A

A cavity within a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Describe the parietal bones

A

Join at the top of the head to form the top and sides of the cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe the occipital bone

A

Forms the rear of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Describe the temporal bones

A

Form the sides of the cranium and parts of the cranial floor, contains structures of the inner and middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the external auditory meatus?

A

Opening to the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the mastoid process?

A

The prominent lump behind the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

The cheekbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the styloid process?

A

An attachment point for several neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Describe the frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead and roof of the eye sockets (orbits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Describe the sphenoid bone

A

Forms a key part of the cranial floor as well as the floor and side walls of the orbits, located behind and slightly above the nose and throat

75
Q

Describe the ethmoid bone

A

Contributes to the walls of the orbits, roof and walls of the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum

76
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

Holds the head and torso upright and serves as an attachment point for the spinal cord. Allows the body to bend

77
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A

An opening in the vertebrae which allows for the passage of the spinal cord

78
Q

Describe the spinous process

A

Projects posteriorly from the vertebrae and is the bumps you feel when you run your hand along the spine

79
Q

What is the function of the transverse and spinous process in the vertebrae?

A

Serve as attachment point for muscles and ligaments

80
Q

Describe the intervertebral disc

A

A layer of cartilage between each vertebra which is designed to support weight and absorb shock

81
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

Part of the intervertebral disc which is a gel-like core

82
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus?

A

Part of the intervertebral disc which is a ring of tough fibrocartilage

83
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

Surrounds and protects the heart and lungs, provides an attachment point for pectoral girdle and upper limbs, allows breathing to occur

84
Q

Which part of the thoracic cage acts as an attachment point for abdominal muscles and is a landmark for CPR?

A

The xiphoid process

85
Q

What is the function of the clavical?

A

Articulates with the sternum and scapula, supports the shoulder

86
Q

Describe the acromion process of the scapula

A

Extension with the clavicle which is the only point where the arm and scapula attach to the rest of the skeleton

87
Q

Describe the coracoid process in the scapula

A

Finger-like process that provides a point of attachment for some muscles in the arm

88
Q

Describe the glenoid cavity in the scapula

A

Shallow socket which articulates with the head of the humerus

89
Q

What are the bony bumps at the wrist called?

A

The styloid processes of the radius and ulna

90
Q

What are the large bones of the hip called?

A

The os coxae, coxal bone, or innominate bone

90
Q

What is the illum in the pelvic girdle?

A

The large flaring section

91
Q

What is the ischium in the pelvic girdle?

A

The lower posterior portion

92
Q

What is the pubis in the pelvic girdle?

A

The most anterior portion that joins with the other pubis in the symphysis pubis

93
Q

Describe the symphysis pubis

A

A disc of cartilage which separates the pubic bones

94
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint?

A

The posterior point where each os coxae articulates with the sacrum

95
Q

What is the function of the fibula? Does it bear any weight?

A

Stabilizes the ankle, doesn’t bear any weight

96
Q

Describe the tibia. Does it bear any weight?

A

Articulates with the femur and bears weight

97
Q

Describe some reasons for loss of muscle fiber

A

Reduced number of motor neurons, lower concentrations of certain hormones, decreased ability to convert protein into energy

98
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

A loss of muscle strength, power, and function as the number and diameter of muscle fibers decline

99
Q

Describe the gastrocnemius

A

Superficial muscle which acts on the foot and causes plantar flexion of the foot

100
Q

Describe the hamstrings

A

A group of muscles which work to extend the thigh to the hip, flex the knee, and rotate the leg. Include the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

101
Q

Describe the gluteus maximus

A

Bulkiest muscle in the body which produces the backswing of the leg

102
Q

Describe the quadriceps femoris

A

Most powerful muscle in the body, prime mover for knee extension, consists of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

103
Q

Describe the adductor muscles

A

Rotate and draw the thigh toward the body, consists of the adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, and gracilis

104
Q

Describe the function of the biceps brachii

A

Assists the brachialis when flexing the forearm, flexes the elbow, supinates the forearm

105
Q

Describe the triceps brachii

A

Prime mover when extending the forearm

106
Q

Describe the latissimus dorsal

A

Adducts the humerus and extends the upper arm backward, pulls body upward when grasping an overhead object

107
Q

Describe the trapezius

A

Raises and lowers the shoulders, stabilizes the scapula during arm movements

108
Q

Describe the pectoralis major

A

Flexes and adducts the upper wall such as when climbing or hugging

109
Q

Describe the deltoid

A

Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm

110
Q

Describe the internal oblique

A

Stabilizes the spine, maintains posture, permits rotation of the waist

111
Q

Describe the transverse abdominis

A

Compresses the contents of the abdomen

112
Q

Describe the rectus abdominis

A

Muscle in the abdominal wall which flexes the lumbar region of the spinal column, causing bending forward at the waist

113
Q

Describe the external obligue

A

Most superficial layer in the abdominal wall, compresses the abdominal organs which aids in forceful expiration, vomiting, and defecation, as well as allowing flexion of the vertebral column, rotation, and lateral bending of the trunk

114
Q

Describe the internal intercostals

A

Muscles involved in breathing which lie deeper than the external intercostals and depress the ribs during forced exhalation

115
Q

Describe the diaphragm

A

Muscle involved in breathing which enlarges the thorax, triggering inspiration

116
Q

Describe the external intercostals

A

Muscle involved in breathing which lies superficially between ribs, elevates ribs during inspiration

117
Q

Describe the trapezius

A

Extends the head and flexes the head to one side, elevates the shoulder

118
Q

Describe the sternocleoidomastoid

A

Muscle which flexes the head and rotates the head to the opposite side when only one muscle contracts

119
Q

Describe antagonists

A

Muscles which balance movements by opposing the action of the prime mover, which moderates the speed and range of movement

120
Q

Describe synergists

A

Muscles which assist in movement

121
Q

Describe the prime mover

A

The main muscle which triggers the movement

122
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The end of the muscle which attaches to a more movable bone

123
Q

What is the belly of a muscle?

A

The thick midsection of the muscle

124
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

The end of the muscle which attaches to a more stationary bone

125
Q

Describe isometric contractions

A

Muscles contract by increasing tension, length stays the same

126
Q

What are isotonic contractions?

A

Contractions which shorten the muscle and moves a load, tension in muscle remains the same

127
Q

Describe fast-twitch or type 2 fibers

A
  • Generate short bursts of speed or strength
  • Don’t contain as many mitochondria, poorer blood supply, release calcium quickly
  • Fire rapidly but fatigue more quickly
128
Q

Describe slow-twitch/ type 1 fibers

A
  • Respond slowly to stimuli
  • Abundant mitochondria and rich blood supply
  • Use oxygen to generate ATP for energy
  • respond slowly to stimuli but can fire for a long time
129
Q

What are joints?

A

Points where bones meet

130
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Fixed joints that are bound by fibers which result when the fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone

131
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Semi-movable joints joined by cartilage

132
Q

What is a joint capsule

A

Located in synovial joints, extends from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones. Consists of a sheet of connective tissue which encloses the joint cavity

133
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

Freely movable joints which contain a fluid-filled capsule

134
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

A moist, slippery membrane which lines the inside of the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

135
Q

Describe joint cavities

A

A small space between bones which allows for freedom of movement and contains synovial fluidWhat

136
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

A slippery, viscous fluid which lubricates the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes which remove debris

137
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

In a synovial joint, is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage which covers the bones surface and, in combination with the synovial fluid, permits friction-free movement

138
Q

What are bursae?

A

Small sacs filled with synovial fluid which facilitate movement and ease friction

139
Q

Describe ball-and socket joints and where they can be found

A

Ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone, offering wide range of motion. Found in the shoulder and hip joints

140
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A

Projection from one bone articulates with a ring-shaped socket of another bone, allowing bones to rotate or pivot

141
Q

Describe a hinge joint

A

Allows back-and-forth movements as the convex surface of one benefits into a concave depression of another bone.

142
Q

Describe a saddle joint

A

Surface of bones are concave in one direction, convex in the other, allowing bones to move back to forth and side to side

143
Q

Describe condyloid joints

A

Oval convex surface of one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another, allowing flexion and extension as well as side-to-side movement

144
Q

Describe gliding joints

A

Two bone surfaces which slide over each other, allowing for limited movement

145
Q

What is flelxion?

A

Bending of a joint to decrease the angle of a joint

146
Q

What is extension

A

Straightening a joint to increase the angle between bones

147
Q

What is hyperextension

A

The extreme extension of a joint beyond its straight position

148
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Moving the toes or foot upward

149
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Moving the toes or foot downward toward the plantar surface

150
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement of a body part away from the midline

151
Q

What is adduction?

A

The movement of a body part toward the midline

152
Q

What is circumduction?

A

When the distal end of an appendage moves in a circle

153
Q

What is internal rotation?

A

When a bone spins toward the body’s midline

154
Q

What is external rotation?

A

When a bone spins away from the body’s midline

155
Q

What is supination

A

A movement turning the palm upward

156
Q

What is pronation?

A

A movement turning the palm downward

157
Q

What is inversion?

A

A foot movement which turns the sole medially toward the other foot

158
Q

What is eversion?

A

A food movement that turns the sole laterally away from the other foot

159
Q

What is protraction?

A

Moving a part forward

160
Q

What is retraction?

A

Moving a part backward

161
Q

Describe the endomysium in the skeletal muscle

A

Delicate connective tissue which covers each muscle fiber

162
Q

Describe the fascicles in the skeletal muscle

A

A group of muscle fibers

163
Q

Describe the perimysium in the skeletal muscle

A

A sheath of tough connective tissue which encases the fascicles

164
Q

Describe the epimysium in skeletal muscles

A

A layer of connective tissue which surrounds the muscle as a whole, binding muscle fibers together

165
Q

Describe fascia in skeletal muscle

A

Connective tissue which surrounds the muscle outside the epimysium

166
Q

What is deep fascia?

A

A type of fascia which lies between muscles

167
Q

What is superficial fascia?

A

Type of fascia which is also known as the hypodermis, lies just under the skin

168
Q

Describe the direct attachment of skeletal muscles

A

Muscles fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone resulting in a strong attachment

169
Q

Describe indirect attachment of skeletal muscles

A

Epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon then attaches with the periosteum

170
Q

What is an aponerosis?

A

A broad, flat tendon which fuses with another muscle

171
Q

Describe the sarcolemma in a muscle fiber

A

The sarcolemma is a plasma membrane which surrounds each fiber

172
Q

Describe the sarcoplasm in a muscle fiber

A

The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of the cell

173
Q

Describe myofibrils in muscle fibers

A

Long protein fibers which store glycogen and oxygen

174
Q

Describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in a muscle fiber

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber which surrounds each myofibril and stores calcium ions

175
Q

Describe myofilaments in muscle fibers

A

Fine fibers which make up myofibrils

176
Q

What are thick myofilaments made up of?

A

Myosin

177
Q

What are thin myofilaments made of?

A

Actin

178
Q

Describe the transverse tubules in the muscle fiber

A

A system of tubules which extend across the sarcoplasm and form inward projections of the sarcolemma and allow electrical impulses to travel deep in the cell

179
Q

Describe the sarcomere in a muscle fiber

A

Section between z-discs where muscle contraction occurs

180
Q

What occurs during muscle contraction?

A

Myosin latches onto and releases the actin repeatedly, creating power strokes which propel the actin myofilaments toward the center of the sarcomere, which shortens the sacromere and the muscle

181
Q

Describe the function of ATP in muscle contraction

A

Allows myosin heads to release their grip on actin filaments as it splits the ATP to give it fuel to form a cross bridge

182
Q

Describe the function of calcium in muscle contraction

A

Binds with the troponin which exposes the myosin attachment points, which allows contraction to occur

183
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

The connection between a motor neuron and muscle fiber

184
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

A continuous state of partial contraction

185
Q

What factors impact force of contraction?

A

Size of muscle, degree of stretch, the number of muscle fibers contracting

ANPH 1000 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions