Unit 2: Enegy And Enzmes Structure And Funtction

Question 0

Kinetic energy

Answer 0

Energy of motion

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Capacity to perform work(change/rearrange matter)

Question 2

Heat energy

Answer 2

Movement of molecules or atoms in a body of matter

Most disordered form of energy

Question 3

Potential energy

Answer 3

Stored energy that an object possess as a result of it’s location or structure

Question 4

Chemical energy

Answer 4

The potential energy of molecules

Question 5

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

(Law of conservation of energy)

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can change forms and be transferred

Question 6

The second law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

*every process in the universe leads toward a higher disorder *
Orderly(low entropy) arrangements take energy investment

Question 7

Entropy

Answer 7

The measure of disorder

Question 8

Higher entropy, _____ disorder

Answer 8

Higher

Question 9

Exergonic reactions

Answer 9

Chemical reactions that release energy, because reactants have more energy than products.
A+B —> C + energy

Question 10

Examples of exergonic reactions

Answer 10

Digesting food
Burning coal, wood
Hydrolysis

Question 11

Endergonic reactions

Answer 11

Chemical reactions that take in energy, because reactants have less energy than products.
A + B + energy —> C

Question 12

Examples of endergonic reactions

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis
Freezing
Photosynthesis

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

Adenosine Triphosphate Structure and Function.
A molecule that is used to directly fuel chemical reactions with small portions of energy.
ATP breaks down a (P) to provide energy.
The (P) binds to another molecule and activates to do cellular works.
^^phosphorylation
ADP can bind with (P) in endergonic reactions to form new ATP molecules.

Question 14

Activation energy

Answer 14

The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
This energizes the reactants.
Living organisms use enzymes as proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction so reactions can take place within a measurable time.

Question 15

Enzymes function

Answer 15

A protein that lowers the activation energy of a reaction so reactions can take place within measurable time

Question 16

Structure of enzyme

Answer 16

Has an active site(binds with substrates, competitive inhibitors) and an allosteric site(binds with noncompetitive inhibitors).

Question 17

Active site

Answer 17

Part of the enzyme that binds with the reactant.

Changes shape during i ding and forces the substrates to have an induced fit.

Question 18

Allosteric site

Answer 18

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind with Allosteric site

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

Enzyme catalyze reactions by binding with substrates. Part of the enzyme that’s binds with the reactant is the active site. The active site changes its shape during binding and forces the substrate to react<— induced fit. Enzymes are very specific and only bind with one toe of substrate(s). Once the reaction is completed the product is released and the enzyme is used again.

Question 20

enzymes are proteins….

Answer 20

Because enzymes are proteins they are sensitive to their environment. They function best at optimal pH, temperature, and salt concentration
^6-8. ^95-104F. ^not tosalty solutions

Question 21

Temperature

Answer 21

Above higher than optimal temperature enzymes slow down, then denature and don’t function any more. Below the optimal temperature enzymes also slow down but don’t denature.

Question 22

pH

Answer 22

Kenzie’s function best at their optimal pH. If the pH gets higher or lower they slow down then denature.

Question 23

Inhibitors

Answer 23

Substances that can bind to the enzyme and slow it down or stop the enzyme from functioning.

Question 24

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 24

Bind to active site

Question 25

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 25

Bind to Allosteric site

Question 26

Toxins

Answer 26

Can be inhibitors that perms fly bind to the enzyme and destroy it.