rock cycle

Question 0

cementation

Answer 0

crystallization of minerals cement sediments together

Question 1

compaction

Answer 1

sediments compress and form rock

Question 2

Depostion

Answer 2

agents of weathering and erosion deposit sediments

Question 3

lithification

Answer 3

processes by which loose sediments are converted to hard rock

Question 4

faulting

Answer 4

blocks of rock pass each other

Question 5

sediment

Answer 5

broken down rock

Question 6

clastic

Answer 6

rocks formed from sediments and rock fragments -sedimentary rock

Question 7

index fossil

Answer 7

common fossils or organisms that lived in many areas during the same time span

Question 8

magma

Answer 8

hot, melted rock inside earths core

Question 9

lava

Answer 9

hot, melted rock on earths surface

Question 10

intrusive igneous rock

Answer 10

hardening magma that takes millions of years years to cool underground

Question 11

extrusive igneous rock

Answer 11

rocks that came out a volcano and cooled on earths surface

Question 12

igneous intrusion

Answer 12

molten rock from within the earths core pushes up through sedimentary layers

Question 13

radioactive dating

Answer 13

a process which you can identify the exact age of a rock by how much uranium it contains

Question 14

foliated

Answer 14

texture of metamorphic rock whose mineral grains are in bands

Question 15

uniformitarinism

Answer 15

the idea that earth is always changing places and the forces acting on earth to change it in the past are still acting on earth today

Question 16

law of superposition

Answer 16

the oldest rock is the bottom layer, the youngest rock is on the top layer

Question 17

absolute age

Answer 17

exact, actual age of an object or event

Question 18

relative age

Answer 18

age of an object or event in relation to another object or event

Question 19

destructive forces

Answer 19

slowly tearing earth’s landforms down

Question 20

abrasion

Answer 20

process of wearing down by friction of water

Question 21

ice wedging

Answer 21

when water freezes in cracks and pores of a rock, the frozen water’s expansion is strong enough to break down the rock

Question 22

plant root growth

Answer 22

roots of plants grown into the rock and crack it to make it break down

Question 23

pressure release

Answer 23

the pressure inside the rock is high but the surface of the rock is released. This release of pressure can crack the rock

Question 24

constructive forces

Answer 24

the forces acting on earth to build up landforms

Question 25

chemical sedimentary rock

Answer 25

formed from dissolved minerals in water

Question 26

sedimentary rocks

Answer 26

forms from weathering and erosion, and then compaction and cementing

Question 27

igneous rocks

Answer 27

forms from magma or lava cooling

Question 28

metamorphic rocks

Answer 28

forms from heat and pressure

Question 29

organic sedimentary rocks

Answer 29

formed from the remains of fossils of plants and animals

Question 30

characteristics and examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 30

• usually light in color
• layers are sometimes visible
• can contain fossils
• law of superposition
• limestone
• sandstone

Question 31

characteristics and examples of igneous rocks

Answer 31

• intrusive igneous = large crystals
• extrusive igneous = small crystals
• granite
• pumice
• obsidian

Question 32

characteristics and examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 32

• any rock moved under earths surface
• very dense
• some have bands of minerals that have liquefied and settled according to their different densities
• marble
• slate