Cell Membrane And Transport Processes

Question 0

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 0

Nonpolar fatty acid tails turn inside. Polar phosphate head turns outside. = forms flexible structure as a boundary

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

9 things:
Phospholipid bilayer 
Outside of cell
Inside of cell
Cholesterol 
Polysaccharide 
Glycolipid 
Glycoprotein 
Integral protein 
Peripheral protein

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

Can be integral proteins or peripheral proteins. Act as enzymes, receptors, transport and binding molecules

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Identification tags outside of the cell membrane(glycolipid and glycoproteins).

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

Helps stabilize the membrane by making it more solid. - animal cells

Question 5

Functions of the cell membrane:

Answer 5

• surrounds the cell
• regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the cell–semipermeable
• immune response
• attaches cells to other cells or surfaces
• fluid mosaic model.

Question 6

Selective permeability

Answer 6

Cell membranes control what goes in and out of the cell. It allows som substances to cross more easily than others.

Question 7

Passive transport processes

Answer 7

Transport means the movement of molecules from one side of the cell membrane to the other.

Question 8

Transport is influenced by:

Answer 8

• the size of substances
• the polarity of substances
• the concentration of substances
• the permeability of the cell membrane

Question 9

Passive transport requires:

Answer 9

No energy from the cell, the energy comes from the difference in concentration not ATP(energy from the cell). Moves smaller substances from the higher concentration area to the lower concentration area. Important in transporting O2, CO2, water, and small molecules.

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

Moving substances within the cell and smaller nonpolar molecules across then phospholipid bilayer.

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

The movement of water across the cell membrane by using phosplipid bilayer or transport proteins.

Question 12

Tonicity

Answer 12

Describes the tendency of a cell in a given solution to loose of gain water. Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.

Question 13

5 macromolecules in the cell membrane are…

Answer 13

Phospholipid
Carbohydrates
Proteins (integral and peripheral)
Cholesterol

Question 14

When does the molecular movement stop?

Answer 14

Equilibrium

Question 15

Why do cells need transport processes? What is the role of the cell membrane in these?

Answer 15

Cells need transport processes to receive or get rid of materials. The cell membrane only allows certain particles into of out of the cell.

Question 16

Isotonic solutions

Answer 16

When cells are put into solutions that have equivalent salt concentration, visible osmosis does not take place.

Question 17

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 17

Cells in very dilute solutions will take in water and eventually burst(animal cells not plants cause plants have cell walls).

Question 18

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 18

Cells in very concentrated solutions will lose water and shrink. Plants spells plasmolize in hypotonic solutions (lose water and move away from the cell wall) and become turgid(plumps) in hypotonic solutions.

Question 19

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

A special type of diffusion, in which the transported molecules are moved by the help of a transport protein.

Question 20

Active transport

Answer 20

Transport processes that move substances from lower concentration to higher concentration areas by using energy(ATP). Transport proteins are always required.

Question 21

NAK ion pump

Answer 21

3 sodium ions move out of the ell with help of a transport protein , while 2 potassium ions move into the cell. goes against concentration gradient.

Question 22

H+ ion pump

Answer 22

Moves hydrogen ions (protons) from low to high concentration areas by using energy from the cell(ATP). Goes against concentration gradient.

Question 23

Bulk transport

Answer 23

Transport large molecules through the cell membrane by using vesicles.

Question 24

Endocytosis

Answer 24

A process by which large particles can move into the cell. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

Engulfing solid particles

Question 26

Pinocytosis

Answer 26

Engulfing liquids, solutions

Question 27

Receptor- mediated endocytosis

Answer 27

Moving into the cell by first binding with receptor molecules not the cell’s surface.

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

The process by which the cell releases large molecules through its cell membrane.

Question 29

A protein hormone is being released from a cell

Answer 29

Exocytosis, because protein is a large molecule

Question 30

Glucose is moved into the cell against the concentration gradient

Answer 30

Active transport, moving from low to high concentration

Question 31

H2O is moved into the cell

Answer 31

Osmosis, water is moving across the membrane

Question 32

CO2 is released from the cell down the concentration gradient

Answer 32

Diffusion, moving from high to low concentration areas and nonpolar.

Question 33

Fructose is moved into the cell down the concentration gradient

Answer 33

Facilitated diffusion, moving from high to low concentration and polar.

Question 34

Cholesterol drops use receptors to enter the cell

Answer 34

Receptor-mediated endocytosis, only process that uses receptors

Question 35

An oil drop enters the cell

Answer 35

Pinocytosis, it’s a liquid and a very big one at that.

Question 36

H+ ions move against the concentration gradient

Answer 36

H+ ions pump, low to high concentration and moving of H+ ions.