Unit 2 - controlling fertility

Question 1

Men have what kind of fertility

Answer 1

Continuous

Question 2

Females have what kind of fertility

Answer 2

Cyclical

Question 3

Men have continuous fertility because….

Answer 3

There is a constant level of FSH and ICSH in the blood as there is a negative feedback of testosterone

Question 4

Women have cyclical fertility because…..

Answer 4

The concentration of pituitary hormones increase and decrease throughout menstruation

Question 5

What are the four ways to treat infertility?

&

What do they do?

Answer 5

Stimulating ovulation -
Giving the woman drugs to mimic the action of FSH and LH and Drugs that prevent the negative feedback of oestrogen

Artificial insemination -
Inserting semen into the females reproductive tract

IVF -
The woman is given drugs to stimulate many follicles and a procedure takes place to remove them from the ovary. The eggs are then placed into a dish with sperm that contains nutrient medium to allow fertilisation. The egg is then incubated for 2-3 days to allow cell division. 2-3 embryos are inserted into the uterus and the remaining embryos are frozen and stored in case of a second attempt.

ICSI -
This involves taking a healthy sperm and inserting it straight into the egg to being about fertilisation.

Question 6

What are barrier methods of contraception?

Answer 6

A device that physically blocks the speed from reaching the egg.

Question 7

Examples of barrier contraception

Answer 7

Condom

Diaphragm

Cervical cap

Question 8

Examples of chemical methods of contraception

Answer 8

Oral Contraceptive pill

Morning after pill

Mini pill

Question 9

What is an Intra-uterine device ?

Answer 9

A T shaped structure that is fitted into the uterus.

Question 10

What is the effect of the intra-uterine device?

Answer 10

To prevent sperm from reaching the Endometrium

Question 11

What are the two sterilisation procedures?

Answer 11

A vasectomy (Men) 
Tubal ligation (women)

Question 12

What is the effect of oral contraceptive pills?

Answer 12

To increase the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone in the blood. This causes FSH and LH to be inhibited therefore follicle maturation and ovulation doesn’t take place.

Question 13

What is the difference between the oral contraceptive pill and the morning after pill?

Answer 13

The morning after pill contains a higher dose of progesterone and oestrogen

Question 14

What do mini pills contain ?

Answer 14

Synthetic progesterone and no oestrogen