Unit 2 - Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What is Atherosclerosis ?

Answer 1

The formation of plaque beneath the lining of the artery wall and is called an athroma

Question 2

What are plaques made up of ?

Answer 2

Mainly fatty materials and fibrous materials and calcium

Question 3

What is the effect of the athroma

Answer 3

Reduces the diameter of an artery’s central lumen

Reduces the volume of blood flow

Increased blood pressure

Walls of the artery become thicker and lose elasticity

Question 4

Atherosclerosis is the cause of what CVDs ?

Answer 4

Angina
Heart attack
Stroke
Peripheral vascular disease

Question 5

What is blood clotting ?

Answer 5

The process that occurs to prevent loss of blood at a wound. It is triggered by damaged cells.

Question 6

What is prothrombin ?

Answer 6

It is an inactive enzyme. It becomes active once blood clotting fibre convert it into thrombin.

Question 7

What is thrombin ?

Answer 7

It is an enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.

Question 8

What Is fibrinogen ?

Answer 8

It is a soluble protein found in blood plasma

Question 9

What is fibrin?

Answer 9

It is an insoluble protein with thread like fibres

Question 10

What is the role of fibrin ?

Answer 10

This creates a mesh work that allows platelets to attach to and clot the blood.

Question 11

How is the release of clotting fibres brought about ?

Answer 11

The atheroma enlarged and eventually bursts through the endothelium of the artery.

Question 12

What is thrombosis?

Answer 12

The formation of a blood clot in a vessel

Question 13

What is a thrombus that has broken loose ?

Answer 13

An embolus

Question 14

What are the dangers of an embolus ?

Answer 14

It can travel in the blood and block or narrow blood vessels and limit the blood flow

Question 15

What is the blockage of a coronary artery called

Answer 15

Coronary thrombosis

Question 16

What is the effect of a coronary thrombosis

Answer 16

It decreases the flow of oxygen to a part of the heart and can lead to a heart attack

Question 17

A stroke is caused by ?

Answer 17

A blockage in the brain

Question 18

What are peripheral arteries ?

Answer 18

Any artery other than the ones in the head and the heart

Question 19

How is peripheral vascular disease caused?

Answer 19

The narrowing of arteries because of atherosclerosis that are not in the heart or head.

Question 20

What is deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 20

The formation of a thrombus in a vein commonly in the calf. This causes pain due to lack of oxygen

Question 21

What is pulmonary embolism?

Answer 21

A thrombus in a vein that has broken free and blocks a branch of the pulmonary artery

Question 22

Why is cholesterol important?

Answer 22

It is responsible for the synthesis of steroids and a basic component of the cell membrane.

Question 23

What is the main site of cholesterol production ?

Answer 23

The liver

Question 24

What is cholesterol made of ?

Answer 24

Saturated fats

Question 25

What is the roles of a lipoproteins?

Answer 25

To carry cholesterol around the body

Question 26

What are low density lipoproteins ?

Answer 26

Lipoproteins that carry cholesterol to body cells.

Question 27

What happens when LDL cholesterol attaches to a receptor?

Answer 27

The cell engulfs the LDL cholesterol and the cholesterol is released for use by the cell.

Question 28

What happens when a body cell contains enough cholesterol ?

Answer 28

A negative feedback system will inhibit the synthesis of new LDL receptors causing more cholesterol to circle the blood stream

Question 29

What happens if LDLs aren’t taken up by cells

Answer 29

Deposit cholesterol in the artery and forms atheromas

Question 30

What is a high density lipoprotein?

Answer 30

A lipoprotein that transports excess cholesterol to the liver

Question 31

What is the benefit from HDLs

Answer 31

They prevent high cholesterol levels