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Honors Biology FR > Unit 2 Concepts 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Concepts 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

It is not always the same but things stay within a range

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2
Q

What is static equilibrium?

A

The system at rest.

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3
Q

What is the relationship between a response to stimuli and homeostasis?

A

Feedback mechanisms evolve to help maintain homeostasis in organisms as they respond to stimuli. Organisms constantly take in stimuli and respond to it.

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4
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

And give two examples

A

The output (or product) of a system intensifies the response
Human child birth
Fruit ripening

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5
Q

What is a negative feedback loop? And Give two examples

A

The output (or product) of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point
Human temperature
Blood sugar

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6
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis on a cellular level?

A

It controls the movement of things in and out of the cell, “selectively permeable”

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7
Q

What are substances that cannot pass easily through a cell membrane?

A

Polar and/or large molecules

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8
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Requires no extra energy by the cells because molecules move from high concentration (squished together) to low concentration (spread out) areas down the concentration gradient.

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9
Q

What is active transport?

A

Requires extra energy (ATP) to be spent to bring materials into the cell or expel materials out of the cell moving from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient

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10
Q

What are the six types of transport?

A
  1. Facilitated diffusion
  2. Exocytosis
  3. Endocytosis
  4. Osmosis
  5. Simple diffusion
  6. Molecular pumps
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11
Q

What are substances that can pass easily through a cell membrane?

A

Small, non polar, hydrophobic and/or neutral as well as water

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12
Q

What is a molecular pump?

A

A cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane, against the gradient, through a protein channel
Quickly removes waste
Potassium, chlorine and sodium
Ions
Muscle contractions and nerve signal conduction

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13
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Uses vesicles to move large particles into the cell
Captures bacteria
Fights with infection

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14
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

A transport protein helps to facilitate the diffusion of molecules that normally couldn’t pass through a cell membrane.
Large molecules like glucose and polar molecules like calcium
Regulating blood sugar

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15
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Uses vesicles to export materials out of the cell
Neurotransmitters
Sends signals throughout the body

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane
Water
Controlling blood pressure by regulating blood volume

17
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

The spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached.
O2, CO2 and other small, non polar molecules
Gets oxygen to our body tissues

18
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

Water is higher than the cell’s cytoplasm

Net movement of water into a cell= cell’s swell

19
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

Identical water to cell’s cytoplasm

Cells stay the same

20
Q

What is a Hypertonic solution?

A

Water is lower than the cells cytoplasm

Net movement of water out of the cell- cells shrivel

21
Q

Active or passive?

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive

22
Q

Active or passive?

Exocytosis

A

Active

23
Q

Active or passive?

Endocytosis

A

Active

24
Q

Active or passive?

Osmosis

A

Passive

25
Q

Active or passive?

Simple diffusion

A

Passive

26
Q

Active or passive?

Molecular pumps

A

Active

27
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions

28
Q

What is solute?

A

What gets dissolved (lemonade powder)

29
Q

What is solvent?

A

The thing that does the dissolving (water)

30
Q

What is a solution?

A

A uniform mixture or two or more substances (lemonade)

31
Q

What is a concentration?

A

The amount of solute dissolved in solvent

32
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

The difference in concentration of a substance from one location to another

33
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Cell engulfs solids into vesicles and digests them

34
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Cell engulfs liquids into vesicles and digests them

Honors Biology FR (5 decks)

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