Unit 2 Concepts 1 Flashcards
List the three principles of cell theory
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- All organisms are made of one or more cells
What structure distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
Nucleus
What is a Cytoskeleton
Gives the cell shape, moves organelles around, structural support for animal cells
What is cytoplasm
Holds everything in place, provides a solution for chemical reactions to take place in
What is the nucleus
Protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell
What is the nucleolus?
Makes rRNA which makes up ribosomes
What are Ribosomes?
Makes proteins in a process translation
What is ER?
(Rough and smooth)
Smooth: makes lipids (membrane), and stores Ca+2
Rough: makes proteins, packages them for secretion, send in vesicles to golgi
What are vesicles?
Storage of water, nutrients, waste, etc
What are centrioles/centrosomes
Appear during cell division, help cells divide by pulling chromosomes apart
What are Cilia
Move fluid across the cell’s surface
What are flagella
Move entire cell through extra cellular fluid
What is the Mitochondria
Where cellular respiration happens, breaks down chemical energy in food to release usable energy in the form of ATP
What is a chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis happens, converts light energy into chemical energy in sugar
What is the cell wall?
Protects and maintain the shape
What is the role of proteins in the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?
Proteins are embedded for transport
What is the role of lipids in the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?
Fats
What is the role of carbs in the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?
They are embedded for structure
What is the most essential part of an organelle? And why?
Ribosomes, because they make proteins in the cytoplasm and make proteins to export on the Rough ER. The proteins ribosomes make with the rough ER that end up going to the golgi apparatus that sorts out the proteins throughout the cell
What does unicellular mean?
Composed of one cell
What does multicellular mean?
Composed of many cells
What is an organelle?
Specialized structures within the cell that work together to help with cell function
