Unit 1 Concepts 3 Flashcards
List the monomers and polymers of carbs
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides
List the monomers and polymers of lipids
Fatty-acid, triglycerides
List the monomers and polymers of proteins
Amino acids, polypeptides
List the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids
Nucleotides, nucleic acid
Explain the process of polymerization through dehydration?
Dehydration reaction builds a polymer by linking monomers and it does this by removing a water molecule
Hydrolysis breaks big polymers into smaller monomers and it does this by adding water, which breaks the bonds
Explain the major functions of the macromolecule: Carbs
Energy storage short term
Explain the major functions of the macromolecule: Lipids
Energy storage long term
Explain the major functions of the macromolecule: Proteins
No main function, just that they run your body
Explain the major functions of the macromolecule: Nucleic acids
Informational molecules that store, transmit, and express our genetic information
Provide an example of a carb
Grain
Provide an example of a lipid
Fats
Provide an example of a protein
Meat
Provide an example of a nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
Compare the relative energy storage of the macromolecules
Carbs 4cal/gram
Lipids 9cal/gram
Proteins 4cal/gram
Nucleic acids 0cal/gram
List the order in which the body will consume carbs, lipids, and proteins for energy
1 Carbs
2 lipids
3 proteins
Why do we consume carbs first?
Because your body can access and break it down easily, thus it is typically the first thing your body will break down to get energy when you need it.
Why do we consume lipids second for energy?
Because when your body runs out of easy-to-access carbs, it will break down lipids next for energy
Why do we consume proteins last for energy?
Because proteins do so much for the body that they are usually the last resort if energy is needed.
Picture of macromolecule- why does the structure give the membrane a unique property
Makes the membrane selectively permeable
Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule?
Then run your body and are foldable
What macromolecule is not obtained from our food and where do we get it from?
Nucleic acid, and you get it from your DNA and RNA
Macromolecules are?
Large organic molecules that make up all living things
Monomers are?
Small, basic sub units
What are polymers?
Larger more complex structures made of monomers
