Unit 2 - Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

party polarization

A

the wide gap between Dems and Reps views on political issues

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2
Q

political party

A

a team of people seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election

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3
Q

linkage institutions (4 main ways)

A

ways where people’s concerns become political issues on the US’ policy agenda

parties, elections, interest groups, and mass media

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4
Q

rational-choice theory

A

parties pick policies that are widely favored in order to get votes (whichever party does this better gets elected)

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5
Q

party image

A

a citizen’s understanding of what Democrats or Republicans stand for

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6
Q

party identification

A

people’s self-proclaimed preference for one party of another (in US, you belong to a party by just saying so)

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7
Q

ticket splitting

A

what most Independents do, voting with one party in one office and another in another office on ballot

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8
Q

party machines

A

used to dominate cities, a party organization that depends on rewarding members for their loyalty in a material fashion

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9
Q

patronage

A

the key part of party machines, a job that is rewarded for political reasons rather than merit

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10
Q

closed primaries

A

elections for party nominees which only people who register in advance can vote for party’s candidates

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11
Q

open primaries

A

elections to set party nominees where people decide on election day if they want to participate in Dem or Rep contests

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12
Q

national convention

A

meeting of party delegates every 4 years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party’s platform

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13
Q

national committee

A

keeps party operating between conventions, Dems ONLY have multiple officials on top of what Reps have (2 reps from each state)

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14
Q

national chairperson

A

runs day to day of party, selected by president themself

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14
Q

coalition

A

a set of individuals and groups supporting a party

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15
Q

party eras

A

periods of history where one party wins majority of election

16
Q

critical election

A

punctuates each party era, where party’s reign switches, usually after a crisis

17
Q

party realignment

A

a rare event in US political life, associated with major crisis where majority of voters switch to other party

18
Q

party dealignment

A

what’s happening now, people gradually move away from both parties and move towards center

19
Q

third parties

A

smaller parties based on certain causes, offshoot of major party, or extension of popular individual (often don’t win, but get agendas on national stage)

20
Q

winner-take-all system

A

whoever gets most votes wins election, why US is mostly based on two party system

21
Q

proportional representation

A

in most European countries, legislative seats equal percent of votes for that party (15% voted, get 15% of seats)

22
Q

coalition government

A

common in Europe, where small parties join with bigger ones to form a majority

23
Q

responsible party model

A

what some people think US should have, parties become more distinct, candidates must carry out set policies, majority party accepts responsibility for government

24
superdelegate
Dems only, people that go to national convention to vote for presidential nominee
25
the traditional and new political beliefs of middle class
traditionally republican, becoming democratic because of government programs
26
7 main values of US political culture
liberty, equality, individualism, civic duty, democracy, justice, nationalism
27
issues that make it hard for 3rd parties to reign
space on ballot, winner take all, not enough people to run for all offices
28
type of party system US has
single party system (europe usually multi-party system)
29
recruiter
party job, recruits people to vote for candidate
30
watchdog
party job, watches mistakes of other parties so they can be pointed out
31
stabilizer
party job, gives people set ideas they can have
32
think tank
how parties address problems with their policies, used to recruit people
33
1st Democratic Party Era
1824-1860, first national policies/conventions, ends with Civil War
34
Republican Year Party Era
1860-1932, only time in US history minor party becomes major party, primaries used for first time, ends with Great Depression
35
2nd Democratic Party Era
1932-1968, foundation of Dem beliefs made (and Rep), ends with Vietnam War
36
Era of Divided Governmetn
1968-now, one party controls executive, another controls part of legislative