Unit 1 - Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Constitution:

A

nation’s basic law (assigns powers of gov, provides rights to citizens)

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2
Q

natural rights

A

-coined by John Locke, rights inherent to human being, not given by Govs

  • right to life, liberty and property
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3
Q

consent of the governed

A

coined by John Locke, belief gov can only function if people agree who their rulers are

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4
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

first US federal government, very weak, states had more power than them and couldn’t tax anyone or regulate commerce

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4
Q

limited government

A

coined by John Locke, must be clear restrictions on what a government can do

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5
Q

In the States, more ___ were getting representation in office post-Rev

A

middle class people (farmers and artisans), more democratic attitudes around nation

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6
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

farmer’s rebellion, against state laws sympathetic to debtors, allowed them to pay w/worthless paper money to creditors

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7
Q

The claimed purpose of the Continental Congress that made the Constitution was ___.

A

purely to revise the Articles of Confederation

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8
Q

representative democracy

A

democracy where representatives are elected by the public

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9
Q

direct democracy

A

policies decided by direct votes of people

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10
Q

participatory democracy

A

people directly decide what policies to implement, politicians just carry it out

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11
Q

pluralist democracy

A

no group dominates politics, organized groups compete to influence policies

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12
Q

elite democracy

A

democracy where small number of people (usually rich and well educated) influence policy making

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13
Q

Mayflower compact (and influence on US constitution)

A

decides power divisions/ground rules for pilgrims

people must agree with gov system (US)

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14
Q

Magna Carta (and influence on US constitution)

A

king’s power isn’t absolute

checks and balances (US)

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15
Q

Full faith + Credit clause of Constitution

A

states have to respect policies/laws of other states

16
Q

Supremacy Clause of Constitution

A

federal laws/constitution are over state laws, establishes hierarchy of law

17
Q

Elastic Clause of Constitution

A

Congress can make any other laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its given powers

18
Q

Decision Making Theories of Politics (6 things)

A

majoritarian (majority wins), elite (small group wins), bureaucratic (step-by-step decision), interest group (parties make choices), pluralist (compromise), hyper pluralist (so many groups, nothing gets done, cause GRIDLOCK)

19
Q

Three core values of founders/US government:

A

freedom (no gov. control of people’s behavior), order (policy controls people’s behavior), equality (opportunity for all)

All are BALANCED against each other

20
Q

Linkage Institutions

A

what connects people to government (parties, elections, media)

21
Q

Policymaking Institutions

A

Legislative writes, judicial makes policy, executive approves/enforces

22
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

each state gets equal representation in congress

23
Q

Virginia Plan

A

state representation is determined by population

24
3/5ths Compromise
slaves counted as 3/5 of a person when totaling population for representation
25
Connecticut Compromise
create two house in Congress: Senate (equal rep.), and House of Representatives (by population)
26
writ of habeas corpus
somebody arrested are allowed to know why they've been arrested (unless during invasion/rebellion)
27
separation of powers
each gov branch has powers relatively independent of one another, no single branch can control another
28
checks and balances
require consent of branch for some powers of another, limits power
29
republic
a system based on the consent of the governed in which representatives of the public exercise power
30
Federalist
group that supported Constitution, strong central government
31
Anti-Federalist
group that opposed constitution, weaker central government
32
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
wasn't ratified, says rights shouldn't be denied to people based on sex
33
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court decides it resolves differences in opinion, judicial review (courts decides of policies of state/fed gov are constitutional)