UNIT 2 CHAPTER 16-DNA AND RNA Flashcards
what are the four bases used in dna and which ones join ?
(A)adenine, (T)thymine, (G)guanine, (C)cytosine
adenine joins with thynine
guanine joins with cytosine
WHAT DOES DNA STAND FOR ?
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
what is 97% of DNA and what is 3% of DNA
97% of DNA is non coding DNA
&
3% of DNA is gene coding DNA
Explain DNA replication
double helix unwinds
an enzyme breaks bonds between pairs
dna bases enter into the nucleus from the cytoplasm
these bases match up with their exposed complementary bases
new dna is formed
the new dna rewinds into a doubke helix shape again
what is DNA profiling ?
it is a method of making a unique pattern of bands from the dna of a person, which can then be used to distinguish that dna from other dna
what are restriction enzymes ?
special enzymes that cut isolated dna into fragments
what are the methods of preparing a DNA profile ?
1 DNA is isolated
2 DNA is cut into fragments
3 DNA fragments are separated
4 DNA patterns are compared
what are applications of DNA profiling
medical and crime
what is genetic screening ?
genetic screening is the testing of DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene
what is transcription ?
the copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA onto messenger RNA
what is translation ?
translation is the conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on mRNA onto a sequence of amino acids
what is holding the base pairs together?
hydrogen bonds
