UNIT 2 chapter 10a and 10B

Question 1

abiotic factor

Answer 1

abiotic factors are property of the
environment relating to non-
living things. Examples include
temperature, nutrient availability,
and water availability

Question 2

biotic factor

Answer 2

biotic factors are property of the
environment relating to living
things. Examples include predator-
prey relationships, competition,
and symbiotic relationships

Question 3

tolerance range

Answer 3

the range of
environmental conditions in which
an organism can survive

Question 4

structural adaptation

Answer 4

structural adaptation evolved
modifications to an organism’s
physical structure

Question 5

physiological adaptation

Answer 5

physiological adaptation
evolved modifications to an
organism’s internal functioning
or metabolic processes

Question 6

behavioural adaptation

Answer 6

behavioural adaptation
evolved modifications to an
organism’s actions

Question 7

thermoregulation (desert: animals )

Answer 7

thermoregulation the
homeostatic process of
maintaining a constant internal
body temperature

Question 8

surface area : volume ratio (SA:V)

Answer 8

surface area : volume ratio (SA:V)
a comparison of the amount of
surface area per unit of volume.
In Biology, SA:V influences
temperature regulation, and a
high SA:V leads to more effective
transport into and out of cells

Question 9

endotherm (Physiological adaptations
Metabolic heat)

Answer 9

endotherm an animal that
produces the majority of its own
heat via metabolic processes

Question 10

ectotherm (Physiological adaptations
Metabolic heat)

Answer 10

ectotherm an animal that
obtains heat primarily from the
environment, rather than its own
metabolic heat

Question 11

torpor (Physiological adaptations
Metabolic heat)

Answer 11

torpor a physiological state in
which the metabolism of an animal
is reduced to conserve energy

Question 12

aestivation (Physiological adaptations
Metabolic heat)

Answer 12

aestivation prolonged torpor in
response to hot and dry conditions

Question 13

vasodilation

Answer 13

vasodilation the widening of
blood vessels

Question 14

evaporation

Answer 14

evaporation the loss of heat via
the conversion of water from liquid
to gas

Question 15

evaders (Behavioural adaptations)

Answer 15

evaders generally smaller animals
that modify their behaviours to
avoid extreme temperatures and
high internal body temperatures

Question 16

endurers (Behavioural adaptations)

Answer 16

endurers generally larger
animals that do not avoid
extreme temperatures

Question 17

photosynthetic organs (for desert plants)

Answer 17

photosynthetic organs the
macro structures that are
the site of photosynthesis in
plants, including leaves and
photosynthetic branches

Question 18

stoma (for water storage)

Answer 18

stoma (pl. stomata) small pores
on the leaf’s surface that open and
close to regulate gas exchange

Question 19

guard cell (for water storage)

Answer 19

guard cell a pair of curved cells
that surround a stoma. When
hot they lose turgor pressure
and become flaccid, closing the
stomata to limit water loss

Question 20

hibernation (Physiological adaptations)

Answer 20

hibernation prolonged torpor
in response to seasonal cold
conditions. Occurs in endotherms
such as mammals and birds

Question 21

brumation (Physiological adaptations))

Answer 21

brumation prolonged torpor
in response to seasonal cold
conditions. Occurs in ectotherms
such as snakes and lizards

Question 22

vasoconstriction

Answer 22

vasoconstriction the narrowing of
blood vessels

Question 23

countercurrent circulation

Answer 23

countercurrent circulation an
efficient heat transfer method
where separate components of
the circulatory system flow next to
each other in opposite directions.
Used to cool blood heading to
the outer surface and heat blood
heading back to the body’s core

Question 24

periphery

Answer 24

periphery the outside surface
or boundary of a structure. In an
animal, the peripherals refer to
structures such as the arms, legs,
or skin

Question 25

migration

Answer 25

migration the seasonal
movement of animals from one
area to another

Question 26

list the animal Structural adaptation

Answer 26

Insulation techniques
Decreased surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

Question 27

list the animal Physiological adaptations

Answer 27

Endotherms versus ectotherms
Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
Countercurrent circulation
Torpor
Antifreeze proteins

Question 28

list the animal Behavioural adaptations

Answer 28

Reducing exposed surface area
Huddling
Seeking shelter
Migration

Question 29

list the animal Structural and physiological
adaptations

Answer 29

Modifications to the cell membrane
Increasing solute concentration (freezing point depression)
Seed dormancy
Antifreeze proteins