unit 1 bioethics Flashcards

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1
Q

what are three bioethical approaches

A

->Consequence-based approach

->Rule-based approach

->Virtues-based approach

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2
Q

what Is the definition of a bioethical approach

A

An approach to bioethics is a tool/framework that guides ethical decision making

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3
Q

define consequence-based approach

A

Aim is to maximise positive outcomes while minimizing negative outcomes.
Greatest good for all stakeholders.
“The end justifies the means”.

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4
Q

define rule based approach

A

Expects the decision-maker to follow a rule or procedure without questioning it.
No consideration of individual circumstances or context.
Promotes the “means” above the “end”.

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5
Q

define virtues based approach

A

People are expected to act in a way that is good, kind and honest.
Decision making is based on the “moral compass” of the person who is making the decision.

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6
Q

what are the 5 bioethical concepts

A

Integrity
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Respect

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7
Q

define the bioethical concept of integrity

A

Commitment to truth.
Act in a way that is consistent with what is known to be right.
Openness to criticism.

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8
Q

define the bioethical concept of justice

A

Treating people as they should be treated.
Fair distribution of resources (equity) and equal access to benefits.

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9
Q

define the bioethical concept of beneficence

A

Kindness and goodness.
Seeks to maximise benefits for others and promotes the wellbeing of others.

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10
Q

define the the bioethical concept of
non-maleficence

A

Commitment to minimizing harm to other people.
Even if some people are disadvantaged and their freedoms are restricted.

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11
Q

define the bioethical concept of respect

A

Upholding the value of others including their welfare, beliefs, freedoms and autonomy.
Promotes the freedom of others to make decisions for themselves.

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12
Q

define a stake holder

A

A stakeholder is someone with an interest or a concern in an event or an issue.

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13
Q

provide examples of 4 who a stakeholder may be

A

Scientists
Individuals
Church
Government

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14
Q

what are implication factors generally

A

are considerations to think about or take into account within a certain area

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15
Q

what are the 4 main factors to take into consideration

A

Social
Economic
Political
Legal

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16
Q

what is the society factor (three examples)

A

– how society (generally more than just the individuals involved) may be affected
individuals
family
general public etc

17
Q

what is the economic factor (2 examples)

A

involve financial matters-
who pays
will it just be available to the rich etc

18
Q

what is the parliament factor (2 examples)

A

involves the government-
->Different countries
->Changes depending on political party in charge

19
Q

what is the legal factor (2 examples)

A

involve the law and legislation
->Is it legal
->What are the legal limitations