Unit 2 Ch3

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Outer layer of a cell. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

Channels

Answer 2

Protein pores in the membrane that allow specific substances to enter or leave.

Question 3

Transporters

Answer 3

Proteins that change shape as they shuttle substances across the membrane.

Question 4

Receptors

Answer 4

Proteins that allow for the attachment of substances to the membrane.

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Proteins that participate in reactions at the membrane surface.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

The material that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane.

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

The liquid part of the cytoplasm. A suspension of nutrients, electrolytes, enzymes, and other specialized materials in water.

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

Modifies, folds, and sorts proteins.

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein. Manufacture proteins.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Convert energy from nutrients into ATP.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Contains the chromosomes. All the DNA stuff happens in here.

Question 12

Passive Transport

Answer 12

Movement through the plasma membrane that does not require ATP.

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

Movement through the plasma membrane that does use ATP using transporters.

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

A form of passive transport. The movement of particles from a region of relatively higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

A form of passive transport. The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 16

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 16

Solutions with concentrations equal to the concentration of cytoplasm.

Question 17

Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 17

Solutions that are less concentrated than the cellular fluid.

Question 18

Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 18

Solutions that are more concentrated that the cellular fluid.

Question 19

• Vesicular Transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

Answer 19

• Active transport methods that use small sacs, vesicles.
• Movement of materials into the cell.
• Movement of materials out in vesicles.

Question 20

Two types of Endocytosis.

Answer 20

• Phagocytosis- Large particles engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell.
• Pinocytosis-Plasma membrane engulfs droplets of fluid.

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

Makes up chromosomes. Divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins.

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

Manufactures proteins according to the codes carried in DNA. Three types: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.

Question 23

Protein Synthesis

Answer 23

1. Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.
2. Transcription- Copying of information from DNA to RNA. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
3. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the genetic message contained within mRNA is decoded to asemble amino acids into tohe long chains that form proteins. This final step requires a third RNA type, transfer RNA (tRNA).

Question 24

Mitosis

Answer 24

Process in which an original parent cell forms two identical daughter cells. IPMAT
1. Interphase (sometimes)
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase