Musculoskeletal & Integumentary Flashcards
Bone Functions
- Form sturdy framework
- Protect delicate structures
- Work with muscles to produce movement
- Store calcium salts, which may be reabsorbed into blood if needed
- Produce blood cells (in red bone marrow)
3 types of Osseous Tissue
- Osteoblasts- Build bone tissue.
- Osteoclasts- Break down bone tissue.
- Osteocytes- Mature osteoblasts that maintain bone tissue.
Epiphysis
Bone ends.
Diaphysis
Long, narrow shaft of the bone.
Neuromuscular Junction
The point at which a nerve contacts a muscle cell. Here the neurotransmitter (chemical signal) (acetylcholine) is released from the neuron to stimulate the muscle fiber.
Prime Mover
Muscle
Main muscle that performs a given movement.
Agonist
Muscle
Any muscle that performs a given action.
Antagonist
Muscle
Muscle that produces an opposite reaction.
Synergist
Muscle
Muscles that steady body parts or assist in action. “Helper” muscles.
Epidermis
- Outermost portion of the skin.
- Entirely epithelial cells.
- No blood vessels.
Dermis
- Beneath the Epidermis.
- Connective tissue portion of cutaneous membrane.
- Contains many blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands.
- “True Skin”. It carries out skins vital functions.
Subcutaneous Layer
(Hypodermis)
- Beneath the Dermis.
- Connects skin to deep fascia covering underlying muscles.
- Consist of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue that insulates & serves as reserve energy supply.
Keratin
Protein that thickens and protects the skin.
Sebaceous Glands
Secrete sebum (oily secretion) which lubricates skin and hair to prevent drying. Their ducts open into the hair follicles.
Sweat Glands
- Release sweat onto body’s surface.
- Two types:
1. Eccrine: Distributed throughout the skin and functions to cool the body.
2. Apocrine: Located mainly in the armpits and groin which release in response to emotional stress and sexual stimulation.
