Unit 1 CH2 Flashcards
Chemistry, Matter, Life
Ionic Bonds
Bonds where electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Covalent Bonds
Bonds where electrons are shared between atoms.
Ions
An atom or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
* Cation- Positive
* Anion- Negative
Electrolytes
Compounds that release ions when dissolved in water.
Molecule
Two or more covalently bonded atoms.
Mixture
Blends of two or more substances.
Solution
Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another. (Homogenous)
Suspension
Mixture in which one substance is dispersed in another but will settle out unless constantly mixed. (Heterogenous)
Colloid
Mixture in which substances never mix. (Heterogenous)
Solution Ex.
Table salt dissolved in water; table sugar dissolved in water
Suspension Ex.
Red blood cells in blood plasma; The creatine in my intra-workout.
Colloid Ex.
Blood plasma; Cytosol
pH Scale
0-14. 0 being the most acidic (most Hydrogen Ions), 14 being the most alkaline (least Hydrogen Ions).
Base pH range for blood
7.35-7.45. 0-7.34 acidic. 7.46-14 alkaline.
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids. All built on the element carbon.
Carbohydrates
Made up of simple sugars (monosaccharides). Carbohydrates in the form of sugars and starches are important dietary sources of energy.
Lipids
Mainly found in the body as fat. Fats insulate the body and protect internal organs. Fats are the main form in which energy is stored, most cells use fatty acids for energy.
Proteins
Proteins are composed of amino acids. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sometimes sulfur and phosphorus). Are the bodys structural materials. Found in muscle, bones, connective tissue. Make up pigments.
Enzymes
Proteins that serve as a catalyst which speed up chemical reactions.
Catabolism
Metabolic reaction in which substances are broken down.
Anabolism
Chemical reaction in which substances are built up.
