Unit 2 - Ch 8 Motivation Flashcards
What underlies motivation?
The “fuel” of desire is LACK
What are the four aspects of motivation
Instinctual approach
Biological/physiological approach
Psychological approach
Socio-cultural approach
Motivation - Instinctual Approach
Innate/inherited.
Applies to humans and animal but more for animals.
Tied to evolution
Motivation - Biological/Physiological/Anatomic Approach
Motivation from bodily processes (Brain, organs, hormones. Example. Hormones from stomach telling you to eat or not eat)
Motivation - Psychological Approach
Motivation through learned behavior and influenced by personal experiences and relationships.
Varies for each person.
Motivation - Socio-cultural Approach
Historical, social, and cultural things help shape motivation. Beauty standards for example.
Sexual instincts in non-human animals vs humans
Animals - Sexual instinct. Unlearned and fixed. Triggered by cues. Routine
Humans - Sexual drive, not instinct. Social aspects can play a role in what we find attractive. Humans get… creative with it, lol.
Sexual drive: Physiological perspective
Animals - Testosterone is most important hormone for males, and estrogen for females
Humans - Testosterone is most important hormone for all sexes
Sexual drive: Socio-cultural perspective
LEARNED
Social and cultural norms and expectations shape sexual desire.
Double standards affect sexual desires
Sexual drive: Psychological Perspective
While social-cultural factors play a role, they’re not everything.
Sexual desire is idiosyncratic, and varies depending on the person and their history/experiences.
Theory of Desire and Habituation
With repeated exposure, the sexual response to stimuli will decrease.
Ex. Pornography-induced erectile dysfunction
Hunger: Physiological perspective
Body wants homeostasis - body must actively maintain internal conditions
Body communicates with brain with hormones to increase or decrease appetite
Hunger hormones
Orexigenic signal - more hungry - ghrelin
Anorexigenic signal - less hungry - leptin
Hunger: Socio-cultural perspective
Social and cultural norms affect peoples behaviors and feelings around food and drink
Ex. Body expectations - where eating disorders may come into play
Eating Disorders: Examples
Bulimia nervosa: Repeated binge eating, followed by compensatory actions (self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise)
Anorexia nervosa: Intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image, leading to dangerous food restriction
Two types of psychological forces in motivation
Conscious motivation - What you’re aware of
Unconscious motivation - not aware of
Eating Disorders: CS and UCS motivation
CS: Unrealistic beauty and body standards
UCS: Desires for autonomy and control, Desire for emotional nourishment, fear of puberty and sexuality (ballerinas), coping for SA
Hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Proposed theory that humans strive to satisfy basic needs before others can be met
(Doesn’t exactly works, when social needs come before physiological (food) need, eating disorders can come into play)
Two types of unconsciousness
Freudian UCS (Dynamic unconscious) - Blocks into threatening thoughts. Crates a temporary, destructive solution (Alcoholism for stress)
Cognitive USC (Two-Track Mind) - Cognitive “butler”, just house keeping, you don’t need to focus on everything. Helps offer long term solutions to daily tasks (driving to a known location)
What do younkeep forgetting about the Physiological perspective of hunger?
Homeostasis
