Unit 1 - Chapter 2 Flashcards
Reportive vs Stipulative vs Lay
Definitions
Reportive - Dictionary definitions
Stipulative - specialized definitions for academic fields
Lay - urban dictionary (lol)
Stipulative definition of opinion
A belief that’s irrational or false
Based on faulty, invalid, or no reasons
What is fast or uncritical thinking?
Thinking that lacks understanding or reflection
“Jumping to conclusions”
The opposite of opinion is
Knowledge
Three main steps on critical thinking
Stimulus
Reasoning
Action (conclusion)
Steps inside reasoning
U = Understanding
A = Acceptability of language
R = Relevance
E = Enough Evidence
Who has the Law of Non-Contradiction? And what does it mean.
Aristotle
Language cannot contradict in logic
“Trust me, my findings are scientific, but don’t question me”
UARE Steps: Understanding
Properly understanding the stimulus
UARE Steps: Acceptability of Language
Language must be clear, objective, and descriptive
No contradictions
UARE Steps: Relevance
Valid reasons must be given to justify an action of conclusion
Critical thinking / Explaining the thought process
UARE Steps: Enough Evidence
Self explanatory, do you have enough evidence to back your claims?
The Scientific Method definition/explained
Using empirical evidence to establish facts/theories
Careful understanding, research, and evaluation.
What is the scientific attitude?
Be humble, don’t be afraid to be wrong, be curious. Understanding is more important than being right
The examples of pitfalls of opinions
Cognitive “laziness”
Confirmation bias - looking for evidence specifically to back you up
Prestige bias - trusting someone for their fame even if they’re not educated
What is Dogma?
Dogma refers to beliefs or principals believed to be true without question or evidence.
How to spot fake news
Consider the source
Read beyond (headline)
Check author
Supporting sources?
Check the date.
Is it a joke?
Check biases
Ask the experts
