Unit 2: Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What are examples of prokaryotes?
Bacteria, archae, and extremophiles
What are examples of eukaryotes?
Plants, fungi, animals, protists
How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different in terms of where DNA is located?
DNA is free floating in prokaryotes, located in the nucleus is eukaryotes
How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different in terms of DNA shape?
Prokaryotes have circular DNA, eukaryotes have linear DNA
How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different in terms of membrane bound organelles?
Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles
No membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes
Membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
Circular DNA
Prokaryotes
Linear DNA
Eukaryotes
DNA is free flowing
Prokaryotes
DNA is located in the nucleus
Eukaryotes
What are some common structures between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Ribosomes, cell membrane, and cytoplasm
Liquid portion of the cytoplasm is called?
Cytosol
What are some synonyms for cell membrane?
Plasma membrane and phospholipid bilayer
What are the two types of ribosomes?
Free and bound ribosomes
Free ribosomes
Float freely in the cytoplasm and make proteins for inside the cell
Bound ribosomes
Attached to the rough ER and make proteins for outside the cell and the cell membrane
What is rRNA? How is it different from ribosomes?
rRNA is the RNA component of the ribosomes, which is a nucleic acid. The ribosomes organelles carry out protein synthesis.
Function of ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Nucleus function
Contains DNA
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
A nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell’s cytoplasm.
What does the nuclear envelope contain?
It contains small pores that allow for selective movement of molecules like RNA and proteins.
Function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Intracellular (within the cell) transport
Rough ER has
Ribosomes
Smooth ER has
No ribosomes
What does rough ER do?
Makes proteins for cell membrane or to be taken out of the cell
What does smooth ER do?
Synthesizes lipids and steroids (estrogen, testosterone, cholesterol) and carries out detoxification
What are the four functions of the golgi apparatus?
- Sort and modify proteins and other macromolecules (complete protein synthesis)
- Make lysosomes
- Receive and make vesicles
- Export proteins out of the cell or to the cell membrane
Describe the endomembrane system
The nucleus uses mRNA to go to the rough ER. The rough ER synthesizes proteins. Proteins are then finalized by the golgi apparatus and exocytosed out of the cell with the help of vesicles.