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AP BIO > Unit 1: Chemistry of Life - Water Properties > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life - Water Properties Flashcards

Water Properties

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do all life on earth have in common?

A

They’re all made up of atoms

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2
Q

What 6 elements are abundant in living organisms?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

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3
Q

Ionic bonding

A

A bond in which electrons are transferred from one element to another

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4
Q

What does ionic bonding result in?

A

Ions or charged particles

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5
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged

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6
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged

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7
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost shell

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8
Q

Covalent bonding

A

A bond that is formed when electrons electrons are shared between elements

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9
Q

What does electronegativity stand for?

A

High electronegative atom

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10
Q

Electronegativity

A

An atom which has a strong pull on another atom’s electrons

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11
Q

What does electronegativity result in?

A

Partial charges

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12
Q

Non-polar covalent bonds

A

Equal sharing of electrons

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13
Q

Examples of 2 non-polar covalent bonds

A

O2, CO2

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14
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

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15
Q

What happens in polar covalent bonding?

A

An electronegative atom will pull on another atom’s electrons

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16
Q

What does polar covalent bonding result in?

A

Unequal charges

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17
Q

Example of polar covalent bond

A

H2O

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18
Q

How are electrons shifting in a water molecule?

A

Oxygen pulls on the two hydrogen atoms’ electrons

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19
Q

What are the partial charges in a water molecule?

A

H is partially positive, O is partially negative

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20
Q

How would you classify the bond between an H and O in a water molecule?

A

Polar covalent

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21
Q

A molecule that contains S, P, O, F, or N is…

A

Polar covalent

22
Q

Why are molecules that contains S, P, O, or N polar?

A

They are highly electronegative

23
Q

A molecule that contains long hydrocarbon chains is…

A

Non-polar covalent

24
Q

Symmetrical molecules are…

A

Non-polar covalent

25
Q

Asymmetrical molecules are…

A

Polar covalent

26
Q

Polar molecules =

A

Hydrophilic

27
Q

Non-polar molecules =

A

Hydrophobic

28
Q

If there is a charge on a molecule, it is…

A

Polar covalent

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and a partially negative atoms

30
Q

Hydrogen bonds can exist in between…

A

Water molecules

31
Q

The partially positive H in one molecule of water is attracted to…

A

The partially negative O in another molecule of water

32
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Mixes with water

33
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Does not mix with water

34
Q

Examples of hydrophilic molecules

A

Glucose, NaCl

35
Q

Examples of hydrophobic molecules

A

O2, CO2

36
Q

A molecule with a partial positive or negative charge is…

A

Polar covalent

37
Q

Cohesion

A

Water’s ability to stick to itself due to hydrogen bonds

38
Q

Adhesion

A

Water’s ability to stick to other polar and charged molecules

39
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water through the leaves of plants or trees

40
Q

In a tree, what does cohesion do?

A

Allows water molecules to move up the tree

41
Q

In a tree, what does adhesion do?

A

Prevents the back flow of water

42
Q

Heat capacity

A

The amount of energy it takes to change the temperature of water

43
Q

Why is heat capacity important for aquatic life?

A

It is important so there are no large temperature fluctuations

44
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Thermoregulation

45
Q

How does heat of vaporization and thermoreguation work?

A

The body gets hot, causes sweat, sweat absorbs heat, cools down body

46
Q

What is surface tension caused by?

A

A lack of water molecules at the surface

47
Q

What happens to intermolecular forces at the surface of water?

A

Higher intermolecular forces

48
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Tendency of liquids to shrink into the minimum surface area possible

49
Q

What bond is responsible for the surface tension of water?

A

Hydrogen bonding

50
Q

How is hydrogen bonding responsible for the surface tension of water?

A

Hydrogen bonding create a cohesive force that allows water molecules to stick together

51
Q

How does the density of ice compare to the density of water?

A

Ice is less dense than water

52
Q

Why is ice floating significant?

A

If ice had a higher density and sank, living organisms would get crushed by the ice

AP BIO (5 decks)

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