Genetics

Question 1

What are gametes?

Answer 1

Sex cells (sperm and egg)

Question 2

What process makes gametes?

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

Oocyte

Answer 3

Egg cell

Question 4

haploid (n)

Answer 4

Number of chromosomes in a sex cell (gamete)

Question 5

What process restores the diploid number?

Answer 5

Fertilization

Question 6

What happens during fertilization?

Answer 6

Sperm and egg cell meet to restore the diploid number

Question 7

diploid (2n)

Answer 7

Number of chromosomes in a body cell

Question 8

haploid for humans

Answer 8

23

Question 9

diploid for humans

Answer 9

46

Question 10

Other terms for body cells

Answer 10

Somatic cells or autosomes

Question 11

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

Separate chromosomes that contain the same type of gene in the same location (look like 2 sticks or 2 boomerangs)

Question 12

How are homologous chromosomes inherited?

Answer 12

1 from mom and 1 from dad

Question 13

Interphase before meiosis 1

Answer 13

Cell is growing, DNA is replicated (chromosomes are duplicated), the cell is carrying out cell processes (looks like an x now)

Question 14

Prophase 1

Answer 14

• Chromosomes condense
• Homologous chromosomes pair up and touch
• Genes recombine/cross over (exchange genetic material with each other)

Question 15

What does crossing over lead to?

Answer 15

Recombinant offspring

Question 16

In what phase of meiosis does crossing over happen?

Answer 16

Prophase 1