UNIT 2 Cell Wall

Question 1

BACTERIAL CELL is 30% what?

Answer 1

= Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Enzymes

Question 2

anchored/attached to
the peptidoglycan
(cell wall) of gram +

Answer 2

TEICHOIC ACID or
RIBITOL/GLYCEROL
PHOSPHATE

Question 3

It acts as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and
harmful substances

Answer 3

OUTER MEMBRANE/ LAYER

Question 4

Provide rigidity and strength to the exterior of the cell

Answer 4

CELL WALL

Question 5

cell wall is linked by?

Answer 5

pentapeptides

Question 6

GRAM NEGATIVE outer layer is composed of?

Answer 6

○ Proteins,
○ Phospholipids
○ Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 7

Helpful in serotyping of organisms

Answer 7

O-ANTIGEN

Question 8

anchored/attached to the
plasma membrane of gram +

Answer 8

LIPOTEICHOIC ACID or
GLYCEROL TEICHOIC ACID)

Question 9

Consisting of alternating disaccharides:

Answer 9

• NAG (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine)
• NAM (N-acetyl-D-muramic acid)

Question 10

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is composed of?

Answer 10

■ O-antigen
■ Core polysaccharide
■ Lipid A (Endotoxin)

Question 11

CELL WALL is responsible for what

Answer 11

• PATHOGENECITY
• ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTIC
• STAINING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CELL

Question 12

how many basal rings in GRAM -

Answer 12

4 basal rings

Question 13

Seen in various shapes microscopically (pleomorphic)

Answer 13

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Question 14

Portion of LPS that is immunogenic

Answer 14

O-ANTIGEN

Question 15

prevents digestion

Answer 15

mycolic acid

Question 16

entry points of substances from the outside to the
inside of the bacteria; passageway of nutrients or antibiotics

Answer 16

Porins

Question 17

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Contains _______ in their cell membranes

Answer 17

sterol

Question 18

MAIN CONSTITUTENT of cell wall

Answer 18

PEPTIDOGLYCAN OR MUREIN

Question 19

HEat stable parts of LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)

Answer 19

• O-ANTIGEN
• LIPID A

Question 20

Gram - vs Gram +

NO PERIPLASM

Answer 20

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 21

Gram - vs Gram +

PRESENCE OF MUREIN LIPOPROTEIN

Answer 21

GRAM-NEGATIVE

Question 22

Gram - vs Gram +

PRESENCE OF S-LAYER

Answer 22

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 23

Gram - vs Gram +

PRESENCE OF TEICHOIC (RIBITOL/GLYCEROL PHOPHATE) AND LIPOTEICHOIC ACID (GLYCEROL TEICHOIC ACID)

Answer 23

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 24

It acts as a sieve, allowing water soluble molecules to
enter through protein-lipid channels called porins

Answer 24

OUTER MEMBRANE/ LAYER

Question 25

ACID FAST CELL WALL is seen in:

Answer 25

Mycobacterium & Nocardia

Question 26

# Gram - vs Gram + THICK PROTECTIVE MUREIN LAYER

Answer 26

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 27

These organisms have no LPS but instead have Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)

Answer 27

- Haemophilus influenzae - Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Bordetella pertussis

Question 28

# Gram - vs Gram + THINNER MUREIN LAYER (INNER PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER)

Answer 28

GRAM-NEGATIVE

Question 29

# Gram - vs Gram + Presence of phospholipids similar in the cell membrane

Answer 29

GRAM-NEGATIVE

Question 30

Presence of Principal Proteins or Major Outer Membrane Proteins in gram - such as:

Answer 30

- PORIN PROTEINS - TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS - PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

Question 31

BACTERIAL CELL is how many percent water

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

ORGANISMS THAT LACK CELL WALL:

Answer 32

- Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma - L-forms

Question 33

Serves as the target of

Answer 33

antimicrobial agents

Question 34

# Gram - vs Gram + ANTIGENIC POLYSACCHARIDE

Answer 34

GRAM POSITIVE

Question 35

The whole bacterial cell is divided into

Answer 35

cell envelope and cytoplasmic structures

Question 36

CELL ENVELOPE STRUCTURES consist of?

Answer 36

- Outer membrane (gram-negative only) - Cell wall (murein layer) - Periplasm (distinct in gram-negative) - Cell membrane

Question 37

are WEAKLY GRAM POSITIVE

Answer 37

ACID FAST CELL WALL

Question 38

why are Acid fast cells difficult to stain?

Answer 38

HYDROPHOBIC

Question 39

Can grow in media supplemented with serum or sugar to prevent osmotic rupture of the cell membrane

Answer 39

L-form

Question 40

SERVES AS A POINT OF ANCHORAGE OF

Answer 40

FLAGELLA

Question 41

how many basal rings in GRAM +

Answer 41

2 basal rings

Question 42

Space between inner and outer membrane which contains gel-like nutrient binding proteins and enzymes

Answer 42

PERIPLASMIC SPACE or PERIPLASM

Question 43

PREVENTS PHAGOCYTOSIS

Answer 43

M Protein

Question 44

contains lipid A and oligosaccharide core but no O antigens

Answer 44

Lipo-oligosaccharides LOS

Question 45

ACID FAST CELL WALL Possess a waxy lipid-rich layer of _________ bound to the cell wall

Answer 45

mycolic acid (glycolipids and fatty acids)

Question 46

The cell membrane of AF organisms are similar to other bacteria except that they possess

Answer 46

- Phosphatidyl Inositol Mannosides (PIM) - Lipoarabinomannan

Question 47

# Gram - vs Gram + PERIPLASMIC SPACE

Answer 47

GRAM-NEGATIVE

Question 48

3 types of cell wall

Answer 48

GRAM (+), GRAM (-) and ACID FAST

Question 49

gram-positive and gram-negative cells that lose their cell walls

Answer 49

L-form

Question 50

It provides attachment sites that enhance attachment to host cells

Answer 50

OUTER MEMBRANE/ LAYER